| Biological vinegar is an organic liquid,which is obtained by condensing,recovering and separating the gas generated by biomass during pyrolysis and carbonization.Its composition is complex,the main chemical components are acids,phenols,ketones,aldehydes,alcohols,esters,amines,pyridine,trace elements are K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Ge,Mn,Fe,etc.Biological vinegar can be used as pesticide additives,soil improvers,plant growth promoters,etc.Existing researches know that the application of biological vinegar can effectively promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the soil environment of tobacco planting,but there is still no research on the application effect of different raw materials of biological vinegar;the best application for different types of biological vinegar technology,there is no research report yet.Focusing on the improvement of tobacco leaf production quality and soil improvement,there is still a lack of research on the types of biological vinegar and supporting application techniques.To this end,this experiment uses the current main tobacco leaf variety Yunyan 85 as the test material,through the pot experiment,to explore the impact of different biological vinegar types and application techniques onthe growth physiology of flue-cured tobacco,and to select the better effective biological vinegar and its supporting equipment application techniques.Combined with the field plot test,the effects of the screened bio-vinegar on soil characteristics,microbial diversity and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied.By studying the corresponding relationship between the application of biological vinegar from different sources to improve the soil microenvironment and the quality of tobacco leaves,in order to obtain a high-performance biological vinegar soil improver material and its corresponding application technology,for the application of biological vinegar on flue-cured tobacco provide theoretical support for production and provide a scientific reference method for the improvement of tobacco planting soil.The main findings are as follows:1.Screening research on the best biological vinegar speciesAmong the four tested biological vinegars in the pot experiment,the overall effect was in order of peach shell vinegar(V3)> peanut shell vinegar(V2)> tobacco stem vinegar(V4)> bamboo vinegar(V1).Each treatment had no significant effect on the number of effective leaves of flue-cured tobacco;except for spraying 600 times(L600)of vinegar on the foliar surface,the other treatments could significantly increase the plant height,stem circumference and maximum leaf area of flue-cured tobacco compared with the control,and were all diluted with biological vinegar.The multiple and the increase of soil irrigation showed an upward trend;meanwhile,except for L600,the other treatments could increase the dry matter accumulation of each part of flue-cured tobacco and the potassium content of tobacco leaves compared with the control,improve root vitality,promote the formation of ideal morphological parameters of the root system,and increase the tobacco leaf Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,q P,reduce the NPQ coefficient,increase the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and increase the stomatal conductance,so that the leaves of tobacco plants maintain high photosynthetic capacity.Overall,the soil irrigation method(R)is better than the foliar spray method(L).The soil irrigation is maintained at a relatively high level with9g/plant treatment,and the foliar spray with biological vinegar diluted 1200 times is relatively more effective.2.The effect of applying biological vinegar on the yield and quality of tobacco leavesPeach shell vinegar(V3),peanut shell vinegar(V2)and tobacco stem vinegar(V4)and their application techniques were selected in the field from the pot experiment.It was found that after 70 days of transplanting tobacco seedlings,the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco the plant height,stem circumference,and maximum leaf area were all improved compared with the control treatment.At the same time,it had a positive effect on the physical properties of tobacco leaves.The three vinegars had the best effect with R+L and the best performance with V3.In addition,the application of biological vinegar treatment increased the nicotine and total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves compared with the control,and met the standard range of high-quality tobacco leaves.The total sugar and reducing sugar content was higher than the sui Tab.range of high-quality flue-cured tobacco.Nicotine,total nitrogen,total sugar and the content of reducing sugar reached the maximum value with V3-R+L;the potassium-chlorine ratio of each treatment was greater than the appropriate value of high-quality tobacco leaves 4.The ratio of two sugars was close to the appropriate value of 0.85 except V3-R+L treatment.The ratio of nitrogen to alkali is slightly lower than the appropriate value of high-quality tobacco leaves.Overall,the application of biological vinegar generally improved the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves compared with the control,and the best performance was V3-R+L;the yield of tobacco leaves under each treatment increased compared with the control,and effectively increased the average price,and the output value has also been improved.V3-R+L can best improve the economic characteristics of tobacco leaves.In general,the type of biological vinegar is still better than V3,followed by V2 and V4;the application method is better by R+L,followed by R and L respectively.The comprehensive test results show that sui Tab.types and application techniques of biological vinegar are conducive to the growth of field flue-cured tobacco and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves,and screened the better bio-vinegar and its application technology for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco in the field.3.Effect of applying biological vinegar on soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial diversityDifferent types of biological vinegar and application techniques did not significantly change the soil acidity and alkalinity of the tobacco planting soil,causing soil acidification problems,but increased the content of organic carbon in the soil,and soil urease,phosphatase and peroxidase activities were also increased to varying degrees,and all the V3-R+L treatment reached the maximum value;the contents of alkali-decomposed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the soil were also increased compared with the control.Similarly,the treatment effect of V3-R+L was the most obvious;meanwhile,the bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly improved.The number of fungi was reduced,and the number of soil microorganisms was huge,with a large number of bacteria.The analysis of soil bacterial diversity after the application of peanut shells and peach shell vinegar with good results showed that the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants were diverse.There is a difference between the influence of sex and the influence of the proportion of the top ten dominant soil strains,and it is beneficial to increase the bacterial richness of the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants,and the peach shell vinegar has the largest increase in bacterial species compared to other vinegars.In this study,four kinds of biological vinegar(peach shell vinegar,peanut shell vinegar,tobacco stem vinegar,bamboo vinegar)and application techniques(soil irrigation,foliar spray and different dosage)affects the growth physiology of flue-cured tobacco.The best vinegar(peach shell vinegar,peanut shell vinegar,tobacco stem vinegar),soil irrigation(9g/plant)and foliar spray(1200 Times)technology;study the effects of different biological vinegars and application techniques on the soil properties of tobacco planting and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves,and it is clear that the effect of peach shell vinegar combined with soil irrigation and foliar spraying is superior to other biological vinegars and application techniques to provide a basis for improving tobacco planting soil,promoting the growth of flue-cured tobacco and improving the quality of tobaccoleaves,and laid the foundation for the application and promotion of biological vinegar on tobacco leaves. |
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