Population Genetic Study Of Malus Evolution And Domestication

Cultivated apple(Malus domestic Borkh)is a very popular fruit.Scholars have done a lot of research on the origin and domestication of cultivated apples,but there are some controversies on the origin and domestication of cultivated apples because of its complex and long domestication process.In addition,there are no related studies on the population structure of apple cultivars.What kind of population genetic structure does cultivated apple have? Does it originate from the European forest apple? Which genes in apple genome are affected by domestication? Based on the SNP map of the whole genome of Malus population,the population genetics of Malus was studied.Firstly,the population structure of Malus was studied by principal component analysis,pedigree analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis.Secondly,the population history of Malus was studied by approximate bayes calculation and pairwise sequentially aarkovian coalescent.Finally,the generation of apple genome by artificial selection was studied by selective sweep analysis.The main research results are as follows:1.The population structure of cultivated apple was revealed.Based on SNP data,the population structure of Malus was analyzed.The results showed that the genetic diversity of Mcintosh and Jonathan was high and they had high breeding potential.Gene flow analysis showed that there was a wide range of gene flow among different subpopulations of cultivated apple,and there was a strong gene flow between Mcintosh,Jonathan and wild species.2.By selective sweep analysis,245 genomic regions selected by human were identified,which contain 1,900 genes.Gene enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly related to stress resistance,glycometabolism and cell wall modification.There is an obvious selective signal on chromosome 15.We speculate that genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzyme(MD15G1050400,MD15G1050500,MD15G1050600,MD15G1050700)and MYB domain protein genes(MD15G1050300,MD15G1050900,MD15G1051000,MD15G1051100)were related to plant stress resistance and anthocyanin synthesis..