Analysis Of Genetic Diversity And Selection Pressure Of Yading Yak And Larima Yak

Yading yak and Larima yak are local yak resources with good meat and milk production.This study performed RAD simplified genome sequencing on Yading yak,Larima yak and 7 other local yak populations(Jiulong yak,Jinchuan yak,Changtai yak,Zhongdian yak,Yushu yak,and Leiwuqi yak)to detecte SNPs.The genetic diversity of Yading yak and Larima yak and the kinship relationship among yak populations were analyzed,and the selection pressure analysis of yak population was performed.The results show:1.A total of 20,413,266 SNPs were detected by high-throughput sequencing.The number of Yading yak SNPs was up to 7,596,791,the Larima yak SNP was 6,163,048 and the number of Changtai yak SNPs was at least 5,472,579.2.the observed heterozygosity of Yading yak and Larima yak were 0.2186 and 0.2233,respectively,and the genetic diversity of the populations were low.The average genetic differentiation index Fst value of Yading yak was 0.0653,the lineage is pure,and it has moderate differentiation with other yak groups.This is consistent with the results of PCA analysis and can be classified as an independent group.The lowest Fst value of Lazhma yak is 0.0443,and its population genetic structure is more complicated.It has gene communication with Jiulong yak and Maiwa yak,and it is one of the ancestral groups of Maiwa yak.3.Using Yading yaks as outgroups,8 local groups were subjected to selection pressure analysis.Yushu yak,Zhongdian yak,Changtai yak,Leiwuqi yak,Jiulong yak,Jinchuan yak,Larima yak,and Maiwa yak Screened 258,215,201,199,191,190,182,174 genes,respectively.GO function analysis was performed on 182 genes of Larima yak.The selected genes involved in muscle development include: JPH1,ITGB1BP2,DMD,SEPTIN7,SGCE and PDE4 D,et al.Selected genes involved in immune traits include: TLR7 and TLR8,et al.The above genes were selected in other yak populations.It is speculated that Yading Yak has unique genetic characteristics in muscle tissue and immune traits,which provides a new clue for further exploring the mechanism of Yading yak population evolution.This study used RAD high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the genetic diversity and kinship of Yading yak,Larima yak and other 7 yak populations,which plays an important role in the protection and utilization of genetic resources of Yading yak and Larima yak.