| This paper takes hunan qishan national forest park as the research object,through monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of environmental elements such as plants,soil and water quality,and using Arcgis and Fragstats software to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics to establish an indicator system suitable for the sustainable development of forest parks,which provides a scientific basis for rational utilization and development of forest in qishan national park.The main results are as follows:(1)the determination of soil chemical properties at different levels(0-15cm,15-30cm,30-45cm)of four types of stands(bamboo forest,mixed forest,coniferous forest,broad-leaved forest)in qishan forest park showed that the PH value ranged from 3.72-4.18,which was acidic to strongly acidic,and the PH value tended to increase with the increase of soil depth.Soil organic matter ranged from 14.16 to 29.94g/kg,with an average value of 23.58g/kg.The average contents of phosphorus and potassium were 0.268g/kg-1 and 8.361g/kg,respectively,with relatively low contents,while the average contents of calcium and magnesium were 1.78 g/kg and 1.38g/kg,respectively,with relatively high contents.The distribution characteristics of soil nutrient content were as follows:mixed forest>broad-leaved forest>bamboo forest>coniferous forest.The average contents of Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn,Pb and Cr in the soil were 0.019ug/kg,0.025ug/kg,0.064ug/kg,0.32ug/kg,0.124ug/kg and 0.023ug/kg,respectively,within the range of the first-level standard of soil environmental quality,and the contents of Cd were 0.00035ug/kg within the range of the second-level standard of soil annulus quality standard.Soil Cu,Fe,recent performance for coniferous forest>bamboo forest>mixed forest>broad-leaved forest,the content of Pb,Cd in performance for bamboo forest>coniferous forest>mixed forest>broad-leaved forest,and are content with the increase of soil depth and gradually reduce,soil organic matter content and total potassium,Cu,Fe,zinc,Cr element content is very significant or significant negative correlation relationship with the content of calcium and magnesium were extremely significant or significant positive correlation.The contents of Cu,Fe,Zn and Cr were positively correlated with each other.The soil quality in the park has reached the national standard of soil environmental quality(gb15618-2008).(2)the basin runoff 12 samples in total nitrogen concentration range at 0.0008 mg/L,0.186 mg/L between,both in the surface water environment quality grade Ⅰclass water quality standard,due to the concentration of total phosphorus and potassium permanganate index(CODmn)had different degrees of paint,other are in the surface water environment quality grade Ⅱ and Ⅱ class under the water quality standard,part of the sample runoff water quality reach Ⅳ class.The spatial and temporal distribution of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and permanganate index(CODmn)in runoff of 12 sample points in the basin varied greatly.The concentration of total phosphorus and permanganate index(CODmn)was higher in the fertile period than that in the flat period and the dry period,which may be because the rainfall was abundant in the fertile period and the sediment caused by soil erosion was introduced into the river,resulting in the increase of the concentration in the river ecosystem.The spatial variations of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and CODmn concentrations in runoff at 12 sample points in the plain water basin were 0.071-0.186mg/L,0.003-0.102mg/L and 2.933-4.178mg/L,respectively.The spatial variations of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and permanganate index(CODmn)concentrations were 0.017-0.169mg/L,0.017-0.152mg/L and 4.554-6.523mg/L,respectively.The spatial variations of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and permanganate index(CODmn)concentrations were 0.001-0.028mg/L,0.017-0.028mg/L and 4.676-5.907mg/L,respectively.And PH value content is below 7,weak acid.The water quality of qishan forest park as a whole is good,and the main physical and chemical indicators meet the "surface water environmental quality standard"(gb3 838-2002)Ⅱ standard.(3)the analysis results of landscape pattern index in the research area show that forestland occupies a dominant position in the land use type,and the landscape advantage is obvious.Among them,pure forestland is the absolute dominant landscape,accounting for 51.01%of the forest patch area At the level of landscape types,Chinese fir is in an absolute dominant position among landscape elements,and the proportion of patch area is 34.69%,which has a significant impact on the ecological balance and landscape structure of this area.The spatial structure of dominant tree species in forest landscape is more complex,And the connectivity is relatively poor,and the fragmentation is relatively serious.The dominant tree species were Chinese fir,maerushu and pinus horsettii,which accounted for 34.69%,16.96%and 16.92%respectively.The anthropogenic interference is to some extent the main reason of landscape fragmentation of dominant species and landscape types.The land use pattern of qishan national forest park plays a good role in maintaining and stabilizing the forest ecological environment,but it needs to be further strengthened in improving the diversity and stability of forest ecosystem.(4)the comprehensive evaluation index of regional environmental quality of qishan national forest park is 0.62,which belongs to level II and is in an excellent level of environmental quality.Among them,the comprehensive index of soil environmental quality is 0.66,which belongs to level II and is in a better condition.The comprehensive index of water quality and environmental quality is 0.63,which belongs to level II and is in a better quality.The average comprehensive index of land use type characteristics is 0.64,which belongs to level II and is in a better position of land use type characteristics.The comprehensive index of landscape type characteristics is 0.59,which belongs to level III and is in a good position of landscape type characteristics.The composite index of dominant species composition is 0.56,which belongs to level III and is in a good position of dominant species composition.(5)on the basis of previous analysis zones national forest park,the optimal level of resources and environment,reasonable planning use is as follows:on the basis of the study area of low altitude primordial distribution of evergreen broad-leaved forest,the phoenix valley and the monastery Wan Shouren red temple cultural resources can be divided into core scenic areas such as the main function is to protect native evergreen broad-leaved forest,and moderate to develop ecological tourism,forest health and religious cultural experience.According to the superior water quality,soil quality and ancient and famous trees,the qinghuaxi and shuangbanqiao reservoirs are divided into a general rest area whose main function is to carry out activities such as mountaineering exploration,forest health,tourism and sightseeing.According to the good landscape resources such as subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,bamboo forest,Chinese fir forest and so on,the dominant tree species mainly include camphorwood,maple,castanopsis and other good dominant tree resources as well as good biological landscape resources.It is mainly protected and cultivated as an ecological conservation area.Tourism development is prohibited and closed to tourists.According to the forest park management,tourist reception,information consultation,and other functions set up management service area.Finally,the paper proposes strategies for rational utilization of forest resources and environment in qishan national forest park. |
