Collection,Preservation And Breeding Of Germplasm Resources Of Crabapple In Shandong Province

Crabapple is an ornamental tree species that is widely used in the North temperate zone,and also is a traditional ornamental plant in China,with a long history of cultivation.In recent years,as the application of germplasm resources of Crabapple expands constantly in ecological construction,variety of Crabapple formed by natural crossbreeding and artificial crossbreeding emerge in an endless steam,which greatly enriched the genetic resources of Crabapple.However,the naming of varieties of Crabapple in the market is confused,the good and bad variety resources are intermingled with intermingled,and the sources of Crabapple are confused,which greatly limits the benign operation of the improved varieties industry of Crabapple.In this context,this paper collected the genetic resources of Crabapple in Shandong Province from March 2015 to December 2019,established the genetic resource base,and carried out the selection of improved varieties and the breeding of new varieties.The main findings are as follows:1.Collection,Arrangement and Preservation of the Germplasm Resources of Crab apple in Shandong Province6 main cultivation areas were selected to collect and record the Crabapple on the basis of investigation and literature review.A total of 65 species of genetic resources of Crabapple in Shandong Province were collected in 6 main cultivation areas.Among them,there were 33 species from Shandong Weifang Changyi Crabapple Seedling Professional Cooperative,12 species from Shandong Forestry Hi-tech Innovation Park,7 species from Forest genetic resources Base of Shandong Agricultural University,6 species from Forest Farm of Wangzhuang Sha County of Dongying Lijin County in Shandong Province,6 species from Comprehensive Training Base for the Yellow River Delta of Jinan Military Region,1 species from Forestry Department of Shandong Province.Seedlings,branches and seeds were used as test materials in the collection methods.Among them,there were 39 species of genetic resources of Crabapple collected by seedlings,23 species collected by branches and 3 species collected by seeds.It lays a good foundation for the biological observation of the genetic resource nursery and the planting resource of Crabapple.2.Establish Genetic Resource Nursery in Shandong ProvinceIn order to protect the genetic resources of Crabapple in Shandong province,a Crabapple genetic resource nursery was set up in Rizhao Forestry Hi-tech Innovation Park in Shandong Province,to preserve the collected genetic resources of Crabapple in a remote manner.A total of 3 Crabapple genetic resource nurseries were built,with an area of 65 mu and 44 species of genetic resources of Crabapple.There were 5443 plants planted into the nursery with annual seedlings in the nursery genetic resources.The establishment of genetic resource nurseries play a preservation role in the genetic resources of Crabapple in Shandong Province,which prevents the loss of genetic resources of Crabapple in Shandong Province,and provides favorable conditions for the screening of improved varieties of Crabapple and the breeding and utilization of new varieties of Crabapple in the future.3.Sift out Improved Varieties of Crabapple with Salt Tolerance and Edible TypeThe regional tests on 8 species of salt-tolerant Crabapple and 5 species of edible Crabapple showed that: with the comparison of three years observation,the experimental results of the varieties(strains)of Crabapples obtained in 3 areas of Forest Farm of Wangzhuang District,Lijin County,Comprehensive Training Base of Jinan Military Area and Yao Gao Village of Weizi Town,Changyi City that the comprehensive evaluation value of growth quantity and the index of resistance to stress of the tested species of salt-tolerant Crabapple including M.‘Lihui',M.‘Xiangyun',M.‘Changhong',M.‘Fenxia' were better than control variety,M.zumi,and the comprehensive evaluation value of growth quantity and the index of resistance to stress of the tested species of edible Crabapple including M.‘Changming',M.‘Changrun',and M.‘Kevin' were better than control variety,M.‘Robusta'.On this basis,M.‘Lihui',M.‘Xiangyun',M.‘Changhong' and M.‘Fenxia' were selected as improved seeds of salt-tolerant varieties,and M.‘Changming',M.‘Changrun',and M.‘Kevin' were selected as improved seeds of edible varieties.4.Sift out New Varieties of CrabappleAccording to two years' observation,the specificity,consistency and stability of 3 generations of continuous breeding plants of new lines of Crabapple were studied,and the results were compared with those of similar species,to sift out 3 species of Crabapple named M.‘Changhui',M.‘Hongxia' and M.‘Kevin'.Among them,M.‘Changhui' has obvious differences from its similar species M.spectabilis ‘Riversii' in tree type and flower color;M.‘Hongxia' has obvious differences from its similar species M.‘Radiant' in flower color,fruit calyx and fruit hanging period;M.‘Kevin' has obvious differences from its similar species M.‘Robusta' in petal shape,petal arrangement and fruit shape.After the observation and determination of the new line of Crabapple after 3 generations of breeding,there was no obvious change in its biological characteristics,and there was no significant difference in growth quantity index,all of which had certain characteristics of stability and consistency.In view of the present situation and characteristics of landscape greening and ecological application tree species in Shandong Province,this paper sifted out the best strains and new varieties suitable for local growth in Shandong Province,by means of grafting and breeding,with the combination of collection and preservation of genetic resources,investigation and research and regional experiments,aiming at the selection of improved varieties and breeding of new varieties,which played an important role in enriching landscape greening,production and living application,improving biodiversity and improving ecological environment in Shandong Province.It lays a theoretical and material foundation for enriching and optimizing the genetic resources of Crabapple in Shandong Province and improving the quality of local ecological construction and landscape greening.