| This paper investigated the effects of plant-activator protein(Verticillium dahliae Asp-f2Like,abbreviated as VDAL)wheat seed coating and different seedling age spraying in spring on growth dynamics and development,yield formation process and grain formation of high-yield winter wheat populations,in order to provide technical support for VDAL high-yield regulation techniques of winter wheat.During the winter wheat growth season of 2018-2019,the VDAL seed coating,ordinary coating and light seed non-coating were carried out in Liujiazhuang Village,Meihua Town,Gaocheng City,Hebei Province,with the test material of Gaoyou 2018 wheat variety as the main area,and the two-factor crack zone test of the VDAL and non-spraying in the 4th,5th and 6th leaf age of Chunsheng and heading stage.The main findings are as follows:1.Dynamic trend of total stem(spike)and leaf area index LAI of winter wheat population showed a single peak curve,the total stem number reached the highest peak in the priming stage,and the leaf area index reached the maximum in the booting stage.During the priming period VDAL the number of stems treated with seed coating was higher than that of common coating and seed without coating.The maximum number of stem(spike)in the jointing stage,booting stage,flowering stage and mature stage can be obtained by spraying activator protein on the fourth leaf of spring.The amount of dry matter accumulation gradually increased,the difference of starting stage was small,the trend of change after jointing showed that the amount of dry matter accumulation reached the largest in mature period,the change of leaf area index showed a single peak curve,and the maximum in booting stage,and the area index of activated protein leaf was larger by spraying 4-5 leaves of Chunsheng.2.The relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of flag leaf treated by spraying activator protein at different periods increased first with the growth process,reached the highest 14 days after flower,and decreased rapidly after 21 d of flowering.The SPAD value of flag leaf treated by spraying activator protein at 28 d after flower showed that the treatment of spring fourth leaf was higher;net photosynthetic rate(P n)reached the highest at 13 days after flower,and then gradually decreased.among them,13 days and 18 days after flower were treated with spring 4th and 5th leaf sprays activator protein.21 days after flower,the net photosynthetic rate was higher with spring 4th and 6th sprays activator protein activated protein treatment.the maximum photochemical efficiency(F v/F m)and actual photochemical efficiency(?ps ?)of flag leaves in wheat show a decreasing trend with the backward shift of flowering time.There were significant differences in the maximum photochemical efficiency and actual photochemical efficiency of flag leaves after spraying activator protein levels in different periods.The maximum photochemical efficiency(F v/F m)and actual photochemical efficiency(?p s ?)of activator protein treated by spraying activator protein at 4-5 leaves after flowering showed that spraying activator protein could affect the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves.3.The wheat grain filling rate showed a single peak curve change,and the grouting rate first increased and then decreased after flowering,reaching the maximum at 21 days after flowering,and the maximum filling rate could be obtained by spraying activator protein in the fourth leaf of spring.The growth process of 1000-grain weight of winter wheat sprayed with VDAL activator protein in different periods is first slow growth,then rapid growth,showing a "S" curve change,spring 4th-6th leaf spraying activated protein is beneficial to obtain higher 1000-grain weight.At the three levels,the highest grain weight was the same as the maximum grain filling rate,which reached the maximum at about 18 d after flowering.Spray activator protein increased the maximunm and average filling rate.Total spikelet number and spikelet number were treated with spring 5th leaf spray activator protein.The 1000-grain weight sprayed activator protein at spring 4th-5th stage was higher;grain yield sprayed activator protein at spring 4th leaf was higher,spring 5th leaf sprayed activator protein followed.4.The nitrogen accumulation amount in wheat plants increased gradually with the growth process,and the accumulation continued to reach the maximum value at the mature stage.The total amount of nitrogen accumulation and the nitrogen content of stem and sheath were the highest in the 4th leaf of spring,showing the trend of decreasing first and then increasing.At maturity,nitrogen content of various organs,grain>stem and sheath>leaf&spike axis.The total amount of nitrogen accumulation in mature period,the amount of nitrogen accumulation in stem sheath and grain under three coating levels were basically the same,all of them showed that the total amount of nitrogen accumulation in mature period and the amount of nitrogen accumulation in stem sheath and grain were higher when the activated protein was sprayed on the fourth or fifth leaves of spring.The results showed that spraying activator protein earlier could improve nitrogen accumulation in mature stage and flowering stage.5.High protein content can be obtained by spraying activator protein on spring 4th leaf,high protein yield can be obtained by spraying activator protein on spring 5th leaf,stretching length,wet gluten and bulk density of activator protein on spring 5th leaf respectively under three coating levels,and the forming time and stabilization time of activator protein on spring 4th and 5th leaf spraying were longer.Based on the above,the conclusion of this paper is drawn:coated with VDAL seeds,and sprayed activator protein at 4 leaf age in spring,the maximum number of spikes,the highest yield,the maintenance of high post-flower photosynthetic capacity,and the accumulation of more dry matter.At 5 leaf age spraying VDAL the highest total spikelet number,strong spikelet number and spikelet number can be obtained,which is beneficial to achieve the goal of high and stable yield.As a result,VDAL seed coating and foliar spraying activator protein at 4-5 leaf of spring is an effective technical way to increase winter wheat yield. |
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