Effects Of Film Mulching Under Soil And Irrigation On Spring Maize Yield Formation And Water Use Efficiency

In response to the serious shortage of water resources in underground water pressure mining area of Hebei Province,it is necessary to consider that how to use water efficiently in the production of single ripe spring sowing crop in the groundwater pressure mining area.On October 10,2017,under the soil mulch and straw mulch at the Shenzhou Dry Farming Water-saving Agricultural Experiment Station of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,In 2018,a field experiment was conducted at the Shenzhou Dryland Water-saving Agricultural Experimental Station of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.The test was carried out under the conditions of 75 mm(W)and rain-fed(R)watering in the large mouth period,with using the corn variety of ’XianYu 335’ as the test material.In the test,four treatments such as non-porous mulch film covering(PM),porous soil mulching(POM),corn stalk covering(SM),and conventional open field control(NP)were set.Therefore,the effects of different mulching methods on spring maize yield and annual water use efficiency in autumn were studied.The aim of this paper is to explore a scientific and reasonable cultivation mode for stabilizing grain yield and saving water in farmland.And the results are showed:Firstly,through the autumn cover,it can effectively reduce the inefficient evaporation of the soil,and store the rainfall in the non-growth season to achieve the purpose of using spring water in the autumn.Under rain-fed conditions,non-porous mulch(PM),perforated mulch(POM),and corn stalk(SM)under the soil during the growing period consumed 70.6 mm,67.8 mm,and 6 kg less water than conventional open field(NP),respectively.36.4mm,the results under irrigation conditions are similar to those under rain-fed and dry-cropped conditions.At the same time,due to the synergistic effect of increased yield and reduced water consumption,mulching film coverage has increased by 41.0%一 50.5%,and straw coverage has increased by 12.0%compared to conventional open field WUE.Covering can also significantly reduce evaporation water consumption during non-growth seasons,making the non-porous mulch(PM),porous mulch(P0M),and corn stalk(SM)soil water storage ratios when seeding.The conventional open field increased by 45.8mm,62.3mm,and 56.2mm,so the underground film mulch can reduce the annual water consumption of corn farmland by 126.3～148.2mm,WUE increased by 54.6%～66.7%,and the straw cover reduced annual water consumption by 76.2～77.9mm,WUE increased by 18.4%～19.1%.Under irrigation conditions,there was no significant difference in water use efficiency between the same treatment and between the two conditions of irrigation and rainfed.Secondly,the mulching film promotes the growth and development of corn and optimizes the population structure.Under the condition of rain-fed and dry-cropping,the leaf area index of non-porous mulching and pervious soil under the mulching process was 21.5%and 18.2%higher than that of conventional open field(NP),respectively.The total photosynthetic potential of the group increased by 22.6%and 18.2%;the SPAD values of the ear leaves increased by 8.0%and 7.2%,respectively.Under irrigation,the leaf area index of each treatment stage increased by 4.8%一11.8%compared with that under rainfed conditions,after spinning,the photosynthetic potential of the population increased by 2.5%～9.4%;the SPAD value of panicle leaves increased by 1.9%～4.6%.The mulching film enhances the accumulation of dry matter by promoting the growth and development of corn.Under the conditions of rain and nourishment,the dry matter under the non-porous mulch and the pervious soil under the cover was 37.7g(13.2%)and 25.5g(8.9%)higher than the conventional open field,respectively,plant height increased by 40.9cm(18.04%)and 48.8cm(21.55%).Thirdly,mulching film can significantly increase the nutrient accumulation per plant in the silking and harvesting stages of spring corn,and the nutrient accumulation per plant can be increased through irrigation.Under rain-fed and dry-cropped conditions,the non-porous mulch film(PM)and the perforated mulch film(POM)at the silking stage increased the nitrogen accumulation per plant by 25.2%and 22.6%,respectively.Cumulative amount increased by 19.8%and 20.8%respectively compared with conventional open field(NP),and potassium accumulation per plant increased by 11.5%and 13.7%compared with conventional open field(NP).Nitrogen accumulated per plant during harvest was higher than conventional open field(NP).Increased by 23.5%and 21.8%,the phosphorus accumulation per plant increased by 37.8%and 40.0%,and the potassium accumulation per plant increased by 10.5%and 11.3%compared with conventional open field(NP);Conditions are similar.Fourth,mulching can significantly increase the number of spikes per grain and thousand-grain weight,thereby increasing yield.Under irrigation conditions,the number of grains per ear covered by plastic film was 6.8%～9.2%and 5.6%～7.9%higher than that of corn straw mulch(SM)and conventional open field(NP),and the 1000-grain weight increased by 8.0%～11.5%and 10.8%～11.5%.Yield increased by 15.7%～24.4%and 20.0%～29.0%;the yield of plastic film mulch under rain-fed and dry-cropped conditions increased by 6.8%～13.2%and 10.8%～17.4 compared with corn straw mulch(SM)and conventional open field(NP)under irrigation.%,Its early water retention,water storage,and water supply in the middle and later stages play an important role;under rain-fed and dry-cropped conditions,the difference in 1000-grain weight between corn stalk mulch(SM)and conventional open field(NP)is significant,but the number of spikes in conventional open field is high Under corn straw mulching,the yield difference was not significant.The corn straw mulching and conventional open field results were the same under irrigation conditions.