Medicinal Ethnobotany In The Tibetan Region Of Sichuan Province

Objective: To expounds the current situation and existing problems of the development and utilization of Tibetan medicinal plants,probes into the use value and application prospect of characteristic resource species and provides reference materials for the development of Tibetan medicinein the Tibetan area of the western Sichuan on the bases of analysis of the flora characteristics of Tibetan medicinal plants and ethnobotanical investigation in Rangtang County and Danba County.Methods:(1)Collecting the plant medicine information in Tibetan medicine monographs by the ethnobotany literature research method.After verification and revision,Tibetan medicinal materials distributed in Tibetan areas of Sichuan were sorted out,and their basic characteristics were summarized by combining floristic analysis methods.(2)A combined application of methods including immersive survey,character interview,questionnaire survey,and field investigation was conducted to analyze the collection,processing methods,usage methods,main functions,customs and taboos of local wild medicinal plants in the Rangtang County of Aba Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture and Danba County of Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture,China.Rangtang County is a pastoral area and grassland Tibetan,with anduo culture and mainly juenangpai,while Danba County is an agricultural district,with high mountains and valleys to Tibetan,Tibetan culture to jiarong culture and multi-religious integration.The traditional usage knowledge of national plants and the development of national medicine in Rangtang county and Danba county were compared and analyzed.Results:(1)There are 140 families,440 genera and 1448 species of commonly used Tibetan medicinal materials distributed in Tibetan areas of Sichuan.Compositae(40 genera)had the largest number of genera in a single family.The genus pansy(35 species)contained the most species in a single genus.In terms of the medicinal parts,the overground parts or whole grasses had the largest amount of medicinal substances(725 kinds).(2)There are 393 genera and 1340 species of seed plants in Tibetan medicine of Sichuan,which can be divided into 15 areal types.Among them,the North Temperate Zone is the most widespread,with 120 genera and 653 species.Central Asia has the least distribution,with only 16 species in 6 genera.(3)Tibetan medicinal materials in Tibetan areas of Sichuan are mainly distributed in vegetation types such as cold-temperate coniferous forests,sub-alpine thickets and grasslands at altitudes of 2000-4500 m,which are the main habitats for Tibetan medicines in Tibetan areas of Sichuan.The morphology of medicinal materials in Tibet is highly adapted to the environment,showing the characteristics of short plants and developed roots.(4)There are 27 families and 38 species of common local plants(including 6 families and 6 species of fungi)in Juenang cultural area of Rangtang: 12 families and 13 species of edible local plants,the edible parts are twigs and leaves,and they eat flowers,fruits,roots,stems and even the whole plant;13 families and 16 species of medicinal or medicinal or edible local plants,mostly pickled with wine and water,and they also have soup and food therapy,mainly for health prevention;4 families and 4 species of decorative local plants;building materials or There are 4 families and 4 species of local plants,1 family and 1 species of religious folk custom.(5)There are 90 species in 51 families of ethnic plants commonly used in Danba County: 39 species in 26 families of medicinal plants,mainly Asteraceae;24 species in 17 families of edible plants,mostly Rosaceae;22 species in 17 families of Dual use of medicine and food plants,Most are Umbelliferae.The commonly used medicinal plants are mainly distributed in the grassland,shrub and forest edge,alpine liushitan,miscellaneous wood forest land and riverside ditch at an altitude of about 1 700-3 000 m;the commonly used edible plants are mainly distributed in the roadside field and forest land at an altitude of about 1700-3500 m;the dual-purpose medicinal and edible plants are mostly distributed in the forest edge,roadside and shrub at an altitude of 2 000-4 000 m.Conclusion:(1)In the Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province have rich varieties of medicinal plants.They are mainly composed of Compositae,Umbelliferae and other families.The floristic components have obvious temperate nature,and they are mainly distributed in cold temperate coniferous forest,subalpine shrub or alpine meadow grassland at an altitude of 2000-3500 m.(2)In the Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,the medicinal ethnic plants in Sichuan Tibetan area have the characteristics of wide application,diverse functions and great national characteristics,which have great utilization value and development value.However,due to the impact of foreign culture,there is a convergence of national about medical knowledge,which needs attention.(3)In the Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,the richness of medicinal plants is not consistent in different regions and habitats,and there are differences in the varieties,quantities and ways of use of medicinal plants in different regions.Therefore,the development and utilization of medicinal plants should be based on local conditions and reasonable planning.(4)In the Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,there have been some problems,such as the shortage of medicinal plant resources,the loss of traditional use knowledge of medicinal plants and so on.It is necessary to speed up the collection and arrangement of traditional use knowledge of medicinal plants in Sichuan Tibetan area,ethnobotany research,the cultivation of such environmentally friendly and sustainable patterns as wild tending,wild imitation and ecological planting should be carried out in areas with diverse habitats and good agricultural foundation,with Danba as the representative,etc.To protect the cultural diversity and species diversity of Sichuan Tibetan area.