| In this paper,10-year-old grafting trees of pecan(Carya illinoinensis)were selected as the research object.The phenology of different clones,fruit quality and yield and kernel taste and its color were compared and analyzed.It is expected to provide some scientific basis for the selection of pecan varieties.The main contents and results are as follows:The year grow cycle of pecan was from mid March to late December,which lasted more than 230 days.The time of germination,leaf spreading,flowering,fruit ripening and defoliation of different clones were different.No.5,No.12,No.7,No.30 and No.52 had earlier fruit ripening period,which could be reached on September 8.From April20 to May 16,2019,the flowering period of pecan is from April 20 to May 16,the pollination period of female flowers and male flowers is from 5 to 14 days,17 clones meet in the self pollination period,but most of the self pollination days are from 1 to 2days.The average pollination frequency of female flowers per day was generally higher than that of male inflorescence.The synchronized index of florescence of male and female combinations of different clones of pecan ranged from 0 to 0.699,with the highest synchronized index of florescence between female flower 34 and male flower 66.The male and female combination with synchronization index 0 accounted for 36.34% of the total combination,and the combination with synchronization index between 0 and 0.1accounted for 27.47% of the total combination.The index range of self crossing synchronization is 0 ? 0.043,which is low.When the clones were used as male parent and female parent respectively,the average index of flowering synchronization ranged from 0.038 to 0.294.When 35 was used as male parent and female parent,the average index was higher.The analysis of variance between clones of pecan showed that the same character had significant difference among different clones.In 2018,the variation coefficients of 27 clones ranged from 9.04% to 31.45%.In 2019,the variation coefficient range of 12 indexes of 31 clones is 8.84% ? 26.22%.In 2018,the variation coefficients of fresh fruit yield per plant and fruit number per plant of 27 clones were 57.63% and 64.25%respectively,and the yield of No.22 and No.20 were better,12.38 kg and 12.21 kg respectively.In 2019,the coefficient of variation of the yield per plant and the number of fruit per plant of 31 clones were 44.03%,36.09%,respectively.The yield of 65 and 9were better.The comparison of 24 clones in 2018 and 2019 shows that the weight,height,diameter,kernel weight,seed rate and shape index of stone fruit in 2019 are generally lower than those in 2018;the yield per plant and the number of fruit per plant are different in different clones,and the yield per plant of No.13,No.19,No.35 and No.45 does not change much in two years;No.11,No.12,No.20,No.22 and No.28 18 The annual yield per plant is more than twice that of 19 years;the yield of 65,Mahan and Weston the year of 2019 is higher than that of the year of 2018.The change trend of the number of fruit per plant between years is consistent with that of the yield per plant.The correlation analysis of 14 characters showed that the fresh fruit height,fresh fruit diameter,fresh fruit weight,fresh fruit type index had a significant positive correlationwith the height,diameter,weight and kernel weight of the stone fruit,the kernel weight had a significant positive correlation with the percentage of kernel,the shell thickness had a significant negative correlation,and the yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with the number of fruit per plant.The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the contents of fat,protein,soluble sugar and fatty acid among different clones.In 2018,the coefficient of variation of fat,protein and soluble sugar was 3.46% and 11.75%.The coefficient of variation in 2019 was 3.05%,10.09% and 9.14%,respectively.In 2018,the clone with the highest fat content is 36,the clone with the highest soluble sugar content is 65,and the clone with the highest protein content is 14;in 2019,the clone with the highest fat content is 13,the clone with the highest soluble sugar content is Mahan,and the clone with the highest protein content is 42.The fatty acid content of pecan shell was oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,linolenic acid,cis-11-eicosenoic acid,arachidonic acid and palmitic acid.Among them,unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,palmitic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid account for 90.97%? 92.30% of the fatty acid content.Palmitic acid,stearic acid and arachidic acid account for 7.34% ? 8.78% of the total fatty acids.The independent t-test results of fatty acids in2018 and 2019 showed that there were significant differences in saturated fatty acids,unsaturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids between the years(P < 0.05).The correlation analysis of fatty acids showed that oleic acid was negatively correlated with palmitic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid,while linolenic acid was positively correlated with palmitic acid and palmitic acid.Among them,the correlation coefficient between linoleic acid and oleic acid is high,reaching-0.993 * *.The results showed that the variation coefficients of the four flavors of Pecan were astringent(14.87%),sweet(13.06%),fragrant(9.49%),bitter(4.77%),and the variation coefficients of the taste scores among the same clones ranged from 3.19% to 58.04%.Among them,No.32 and No.26 have good taste,sweet taste,no astringency and bitterness,and are suitable for fresh food.32 with the highest score and 45 with the lowest score were selected for related taste substance detection.The content of free amino acids in pecan kernel is 0.015mg/g ? 0.771mg/g,the whole content is low.The contents of glucose,sucrose and fructose in 32 and 45 were similar,and the starch content was slightly higher than 45.Among the components of catechin,the content of Gallic catechin in 32 was 1.9 times of that in 45,while the content of catechin and epigallocatechin gallate was lower than that in 45.The content of epigallocatechin in 32 was 0.05mg/g.In gallic acid,the difference between No.32 and No.45 is not significant;in ellagic acid,No.45 is slightly higher than No.32;the condensed tannin content of No.45 is higher,96.2mg/g,2.6 times of 36.7mg/g of No.32,which is consistent with the result of the most astringent taste of No.45 in the taste score.There are differences in seed color among different clones of Hickory.The seed color of 5,32 and 52 is lighter,and that of 27 and 45 is darker.There was no significant difference in color among clones clustered into one group. |
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