Research On Fertilization Control And Monitoring System Of Deep Loosening Layered Fertilizing Machinery

The application of layered fertilization before wheat sowing can meet the basic needs of wheat base fertilizer application,make the fertilizer reach the roots of crops,help the nutrient absorption of wheat roots,help drought resistance and lodging resistance of wheat crops,and increase wheat yield.The existing deep pine layered fertilizer applicator has problems of low fertilization control accuracy,uneven fertilization,and excessive application,which causes soil pollution.At the same time,the deep pine layered fertilizer shovel is prone to blockage of the fertilizer pipe and the lack of fertilizer due to insufficient fertilizer in the fertilizer box.Phenomenon,such as failure to detect and deal with these failures in time,will lead to a decline in wheat production.In order to solve the above problems,the research on the fertilization monitoring system in this paper can realize the precise control of the fertilization amount and the real-time monitoring of the fertilization operation status,which is conducive to improving the uniformity and precision of fertilization,further improving the fertilizer utilization rate and crop yield,and reducing the cost of manual testing and farmers.Production labor intensity and improve field operation efficiency.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Analysis of influencing factors of fertilizer application and construction of mathematical model.The rotation speed of the fertilizer discharge shaft,the opening of the fertilizer discharger and the height of the fertilizer level are used as the factors affecting the fertilization amount.Using the coefficient of variation of the fertilization amount as the evaluation index,a three-factor five-level orthogonal test was carried out.The opening of the fertilizer distributor and the height of the material level of the fertilizer box have different effects on the coefficient of variation of the fertilization amount.Combined with the results of orthogonal test,and using the function of MATLAB software fuzzy control toolbox,a mathematical model of the amount of fertilization on the speed of the fertilizer discharge shaft,the opening of the fertilizer discharger and the height of the material level of the fertilizer box was established.(2)Hardware design and software development of fertilization monitoring system.In order to realize real-time monitoring of fertilization status and precise control of fertilization amount,hardware selections such as fertilizer tube flow sensor,fertilizer tank level sensor,speed sensor,and microprocessor are carried out.Using Altium Designer software,the system hardware circuit schematics and PCB design of the single-chip microcomputer minimum system,power supply circuit,sensor signal processing circuit,motor drive circuit,serial communication circuit,display circuit,etc.were designed,and the hardware anti-interference design was completed.The overall structure of the software is analyzed,and the main program and speed information collection,fertilizer tube clogging judgment and fertilizer control,fertilizer tank level monitoring,stepper motor drive,key input,display and other subprograms are designed to achieve real-time fertilization operation status.Functions such as monitoring and precise control of fertilization.(3)Carry out systematic tests and field trials.The test test of the clogging alarm device was carried out,and the test was repeated at five kinds of fertilizer rotation speeds:the alarm accuracy rate was 100%;the field test test of the fertilization monitoring system was carried out,and the results showed that the system realized the clogging alarm and the fertilizer device in time Functions such as control,correct indication and early warning of the material level of the fertilizer box;conducted a fertilization uniformity test test,and the measured uniformity variation coefficient was less than 4.8%;conducted a fertilization amount mathematical model verification test,and obtained the actual fertilization amount and the theoretical fertilization amount.The correlation coefficient is 0.889,which proves that the mathematical model of fertilizer application is feasible.