Study On Nitrogen Direction Of Wine Grape Fertilizer Under Different Water And Nitrogen Regulation

In order to clarify the regulation effect of different water and nitrogen regulation on wine grape nitrogen fate,and provide theoretical basis for wine grape to save water and fertilizer,high yield and high efficiency.In this study,the wine grape "Cabernet Sauvigon" was used as the test material,and the 15N isotope tracing technology was used to conduct a two-year field positioning test in Dingzhou City,Hebei Province.A total of five treatments were set in this test:blank control,traditional Water nitrogen,nitrogen reduction and water control,nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP,mobile water and fertilizer(water and fertilizer integration),have explored the effects of water and nitrogen regulation in wine vineyards on fertilizer nitrogen fate,tree nutrient absorption and utilization,and grape yield and quality.It provides theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient use of water and nitrogen in the winery vineyard area.This study obtained the foll owing main research results:(1)The distribution of fertilizer nitrogen in the tree body is shown as aboveground(leaf+branches+fruit+trunk)>belowground(main root+fibrous root);reducing the amount of water and nitrogen input can promote the transfer of nitrogen from the trunk to the root;traditional water nitrogen、nitrogen reduction and water control、nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP、mobile water and fertilizer utilization rate are:13.38%、19.62%、21.67%、25.46%;the cumulative utilization rates before fruit enlargement in the following year were:18.70%、34.25%、35.53%、40.33%;compared with the traditional water nitrogen,the nitrogen reduction and water control utilization rate respectively increased by 46.64%and 83.16%the addition of DMPP respectively increased by 10.48%and 6.68%and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under the control of mobile water and fertilizer(water and fertilizer integration)increased by 90.28%and 115.67%respectively.(2)After a growing season,the 15N abundance value of the soil gradually decreases with the downward movement of the soil layer,and the cumulative average abundance value in the 40～60cm soil layer is 0.480%;the 15N abundance value in the 180～200cm soil layer is 0.408%,which is close to 0.402%of the abundance value of 0～20cm 15N,indicating that the migration depth of nitrogen fertilizer reached 200cm in the current season;the residual rate of nitrogen in traditional water nitrogen、nitrogen reduction and water control、nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP、mobile water and fertilizer were 33.42%、11.07%、23.68%、41.91%,the nitrogen reduction and water control reduced the residual rate of nitrogen by 66.88%compared with the traditional water,the nitrogen residual rate of DMPP added under the same nitrogen condition increased by 113.91%,and the rhizosphere fertilization increased the residual rate of nitrogen 25.40%.(3)Winery vineyards,traditional water nitrogen、nitrogen reduction and water control、nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP、mobile water and fertilizer growth season N2O emissions were 2.24、1.69、1.74、1.90 kg N/hm2,NH3 volatilities were 8.57、5.64、7.07、6.25 kg N/hm2;the total loss of the traditional water nitrogen nitrogen gas is 10.80 kg N/hm2,which were the reduction of nitrogen and water control、reduction of nitrogen and water control+DMPP、mobile water and fertilizer 1.44、1.23、1.33 times,accounting for 3.08%of nitrogen input;N2O emissions are significantly positively correlated with soil NO3--N content and water content,the correlation coefficients are r=0.417*,r=0.404*,NH3 volatilization there is a significant positive correlation with the concentration of NH4+-N in the soil,and the correlation coefficient is r=0.443*.(4)In the growing season of 2018,the traditional water nitrogenⅢnitrogen reduction and water control、nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP、and mobile water fertilizer nitrogen leaching losses were 42.02、27.06、26.80 and 24.17 kg N/hm2,respectively,accounting for 11.97%、15.03%、14.89%、15.70%;compared with the traditional water nitrogen the nitrogen reduction and water control、nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP、mobile water and fertilizer were reduced by 35.60%、36.22%、42.48%respectively.In the growing season of 2019,the five water and nitrogen management methods for nitrogen leaching losses were 39.86、25.23、5.03、22.1 kg N/hm2,accounting for 11.36%and 14.02%、13.91%、14.39%nitrogen reduction and water control,nitrogen control water+DMPP and mobile water fertilizer compared with traditional water and nitrogen,nitrogen leaching loss decreased by 36.72%、37.21%、44.42%.(5)In the growing season of 2018,the traditional water nitrogen、nitrogen reduction and water control、nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP、mobile water and fertilizer tree nitrogen fertilizer absorption rates were 13.38%、19.62%,21.67%、25.46%;nitrogen fertilizer soil residual rate was 33.42%、11.07%、23.68%,41.92%;nitrogen fertilizer loss rates were 53.20%、69.31%、54.65%、32.62%.In 2018 and 2019,the nitrogen input of the vineyards during the growing season was mainly fertilizer nitrogen,accounting for 69.67%～83.52%of the total nitrogen input,and the loss was mainly leaching,accounting for 11.04%～17.02%of the total nitrogen.The average surplus of traditional water and nitrogen is 165.75 kg N/hm2,and the surplus is 2.13、3.39、50.79 times of nitrogen reduction and water control、nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP and mobile water and fertilizer.(6)The output of traditional water-nitrogen grapes in 2018 and 2019 were 6300.00 and 7965.63 kg/hm2,respectively,and the yield of nitrogen-reducing and water-controlling grapes was not significantly lower than that of traditional water-nitrogen grapes;mobile water and fertilizer(water and fertilizer integrated)sugar-acid ratios were 22.17%and 23.05%,compared with traditional water nitrogen respectively increased by 21.75%and 12.39%;nitrogen reduction and water control+DMPP total phenols、total flavonoids、flavanols are 16.59、19.60、311.27mg/g which is significantly reduced by 33.45%、49.61%、42.97%compared with traditional water nitrogen;in 2018 and 2019 mobile water and fertilizer(water and fertilizer integrated)cost-saving and synergistic effect was 6702 and 9161 yuan/hm2 and the cost-saving and efficiency was the best.In summary,reducing water and nitrogen input can promote the transfer of nitrogen from the trunk to the roots.Nitrogen input in wine-making vineyards is mainly fertilizer nitrogen input,and losses are mainly leaching losses.Adopting reasonable water and nitrogen control can reduce the gaseous loss and leaching loss of soil nitrogen,and improve the nitrogen utilization rate.Reducing water and nitrogen input did not significantly reduce the yield of grapes,and improved the quality of grapes to a certain extent.The use of mobile water and fertilizer(water and fertilizer integration)regulation not only improves the yield,but also improves the quality of the grapes.The effect of saving costs and increasing efficiency is the best,so it is the best water and nitrogen regulation measure for wine-making vineyards.