Effects Of Different Soil Surface Structures On Growth And Development Of Wheat

[Research background]Wheat is the main grain crop in China,and the emergence of wheat has a significant effect on the subsequent growth of seedlings and the formation of final yield.The surface structure of cultivated land is one of the important factors affecting the growth of wheat seedlings,which is closely related to the water,aeration,temperature and bulk density of the surface soil.At present,most of the previous studies on wheat seedling emergence are mainly on farming measures,sowing methods,straw returning to the field and other production conditions.There is still a lack of systematic research on what kind of cultivated land surface structure is most beneficial to wheat seedling growth and high yield creation.[Materials and Methods]This study used Kinect 3D sensor to obtain farmland surface RGB image and depth image respectively,and applied image processing technology to data fusion to obtain 3D characteristic parameters of cultivated land surface,which was used to evaluate the grade of cultivated land surface structure,and combined with the results of field investigation and final yield of each growth period,to analyze the influence mechanism of soil surface structure on wheat growth and development and the response mechanism of intra-species competition under different wheat seedling distribution.[Results and Analysis]The effects of different cultivated land surface structure grade and sowing density on seedling emergence and final yield of Yangmai 23 were studied.According to the results:(1)under the soil surface structure of grade ??? III,wheat over-dense or over-drain sowing species are not conducive to the formation of wheat grain yield,and under uniform sowing conditions,wheat yield is the highest,which is beneficial to the construction of high yield and high efficiency population of wheat.Grade ??VIII under the soil surface structure,wheat dense sowing is beneficial to high yield of wheat,under the condition of over-sowing,wheat yield is the lowest.(2)In the course of studying the effect of wheat emergence on yield under different soil surface structure,it was found that root activity,total stem tiller number,whole field leaf area index,SPAD?nitrogen accumulation and other indexes increased first and then decreased with the improvement of soil surface structure grade,and the soil surface structure of grade ??? was the best.(3)When planting wheat on the land of grade I,measures such as soil tillage and reducing watering can be taken to increase soil permeability,which can help to increase the rate of wheat emergence.For land of grade ?-?,simple soil fragmentation before wheat planting would help.Grade ??? of the land needs to be repeatedly broken through tractors to promote seedling emergence and subsequent growth.[Conclusion]Compared with other cultivated land surface structure,the land with grade ??? is beneficial to wheat seedling emergence and its subsequent growth,coordinating the three elements of yield,and constructing high-yield and high-efficiency population;compared with reasonable and uniform sowing,dense sowing and sparse sowing are not conducive to the formation of wheat final yield.