| Bamboo is a special kind of non-timber grass species,which is famous for its rapid growth.Phyllostachys is the largest group of bamboos in the subfamily Bambusoideae of the family Poaceae.Many bamboos have an important economic value in production.Long terminal repeat(LTR)retrotransposons are the most abundant in the bamboo genome(for example,46%in the bamboo genome),which play an important role in regulating gene expression,chromosome structure,genome size and integrity of the host,and are the important reasons for the diversity of the bamboo genome.Inter retrotransposon amplified polymorphism(TRAP)is an important molecular marker for studying the genetic diversity of plant species.Up to now,there are no reports about using bamboo transposons to develop molecular markers or IRAP to study bamboo genetic diversity.In this study,IRAP molecular marker technology was used to develop a molecular marker which can distinguish the interspecific and sub special genomic polymorphism of corundum,and provide a new tool and selection for the identification of bamboo species and the study of the relationship between bamboo species.1.The LTR retrotransposon with complete LTR sequence in the genome of Ph.edulis(Carriere)J.Houz were identified using LTRharvest.A total of 49 425 retrotransposons with complete LTR sequences were identified.Based on the similarity,more than 90%of the LTR sequences of Ph.edulis(Carriere)J Houz were classified and screened by cd-hit software.Finally,13 LTR retrotransposon clusters with high similarity,short insertion time and complete structure were selected as the candidate groups for IRAP molecular marker development.A total of 16 high efficient primers for IRAP were designed.2.Genetic diversity and population structure of 47 species of bamboos from 9 provinces of China,Italy and the United States were carried out by using 16 LTR primers.A total of 214 loci were amplified and the polymorphism rate was 96.2%.Based on the UPGMA analysis,47 bamboo species were divided into two categories and four subcategories.Different statistical analysis confirmed the reliability of genetic similarity coefficient and upgm cluster analysis results.Bamboo species of Phyllostachys can be divided into four subgroups(k=4)(SP1、SP2,SP3 and SP4).All SPS contain mixed alleles.3.The genetic diversity of 11 varieties of Ph.edulis(Carriere)J.Houz and 11 varieties of Ph.praecox C.D Chu et C.S.Chao were analyzed by 1RAP markers.Results 83 and 93 loci which could be used for analysis were amplified in the varieties of Ph.edulis(Carriere)J.Houz and 11 varieties of Ph.praecox C.D.Chu et C.S.The polymorphic rates were 53%and 62%,respectively.The average pic values of Irap primers were 0.17 and 0.18,respectively.The results of UPGMA cluster analysis showed that there was abunda genetic variation among different varieties of Ph.edulis(Carriere)J.Houz and Ph.praecox C.D.Chu et C.S.Chao,and the genetic variation of Ph.praecox C.D.Chu et C.S.Chao varieties was greater than other varieties. |
