| The study investigated the effects of apple pomace at various levels included in finishing pigs diets on the growth performance,meat quality and intestinal health.A total of 48 finishing pigs(Taihu pig x Fern Pig)with similar initial Body weight about 43 kg were assigned into 3 treatment groups in a randomized design and same genetic background,Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates(pens)with 4 pigs.The pigs were provided with a selected a treatment diet which the basic diet was added by 10%?15% apple pomace respectively while the control group were provided with basic diet only.feeding until the weight of about 90 kg treatment was completed.The pre-feeding period is 7d and the official test is 80 d.The following results were obtained by measuring the growth performance,meat quality and intestinal health related indexes after slaughtering:1)Compared with the control group,the ADG(average daily gain)of the 10% AP group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the 15% AP group(P < 0.05);the FCR(weight-to-weight ratio)of the test group was significantly reduced,and the difference between the groups There was a significant difference(P=0.065);the differences between the average terminal weight and the average daily feed intake were not significant among the groups;2)Compared with the control group,the longissimus muscle length(a*)and meat color of the test group increased significantly(P < 0.05);the test group pH 24 h was significantly higher than the control group(P < 0.05);Intramuscular fat content increased significantly(P < 0.05).The content of aspartic acid,serine,threonine,umami amino acid and total amino acid in the longissimus dorsi of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference between the groups was significant(P=0.08,0.07,0.07).The content of palmitic acid in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the experimental group was significantly decreased(P < 0.05),and the contents of essential fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid were significantly increased(P < 0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the activity of glutathione superoxide dismutase(GSH-px)in the longissimus muscle of the experimental group was significantly increased(P < 0.05),and the results at the mRNA level were also consistent.The content of MDA(malondialdehyde)in the longest muscle tissue of the experimental group at different storage stages(1d,4d,8d)was lower than that of the control group,and there was significant difference between the groups at 8d(P < 0.05).4)Sequencing of Ileal contents showed that the intestinal microflora diversity and microbial population richness were significantly increased in 10% AP group and 15% AP group compared with the control(P < 0.05);at the level of the door In the ileal content of the experimental group,the Bacteroides gate showed a decreasing trend,and the difference between the groups was not significant(P > 0.05).The relative abundance of sphingomonas in the ileal contents of the treated group was significantly higher.In the control group(P < 0.05),the intestinal microflora structure of the experimental group was superior to the control group,and the effect of the 10% AP group was the most significant.In addition,the ileal and duodenal tissue sections showed that the experimental group had different intestinal segments.The villus height was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05).5)Compared with the control group,the area of subcutaneous fat cells in the experimental group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);the relative expression abundances of the adipogenic genes PPAR?,CEBP? and CEBP? in the longissimus dorsi of the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.(P < 0.05);the relative expression of HSL in the longissimus dorsi of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).In summary,the addition of apple pomace in the diet can improve the growth performance of Taifung pigs,improve some meat quality indicators,and regulate the intestinal health of the small intestine.Under the conditions of this experiment,the optimum amount of apple pomace is 10%. |
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