Design Of Precise Fertilization Control System In Apple Orchard

The planting area of orchard in China has increased year by year.Fertilization is an important part of orchard management.At present,there are widespread problems such as large fertilization amount and low fertilizer utilization rate.The timely and appropriate fertilization plays an important role in the growth of fruit trees,and it is also an important way to respond the national “two reductions and one increase”.Aiming at the current situation of fertilization in the open-section orchard strips,the fertilizer utilization rate is low,the fertilization depth and position are not satisfied with the agronomic requirements,and the control system of the existing orchard fertilization machinery is less.In this paper,a precise fertilization scheme based on intermittent and even fertilization of apple orchard was developed.According to the precise fertilization scheme,a precise fertilization control system for fertilization of segmental fertilization was designed.The system can realize timely and appropriate fertilization,further reduce the amount of fertilizer used and improve Fertilizer utilization rate.The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Determine the precision fertilization program.Investigate the planting pattern of orchard,understand the fertilizer characteristics of fertilizer growth stages and the requirements of fertilization agronomy,combine the development status of mechanization in arid areas,compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the three fertilization methods,propose and analyze the ditching The feasibility of intermittent fertilization.(2)Overall design According to the proposed fertilization method,the overall design of the control system is carried out.the key components of the control system are designed.The composition of the control system is determined through comparison of multiple schemes.the mathematical relationship between the cycle of the pulse signal and the detection time is established by the amount of fertilizer applied and the length of fertilization.(3)Control system hardware design According to the system scheme,the key components of the system are selected.With the STM32f10 development board as the core,the power module circuit,communication module circuit,drive module circuit and fertilization module circuit are designed to realize the system hardware design.(4)Control system software design Through the C language,the speed of the acquisition,encoder signal reading,drive module,fertilization module,communication module and other programming to achieve the software design of the control system.(5)Test results and analysis The fertilization performance test was carried out.The test results showed that the accuracy of the visual measurement error with the fourth-order polynomial fitting was 99.3% and the visual measurement error was 6.6 mm.The primary and secondary factors affecting the fertilization performance were the set fertilization amount,travel speed and the fertilization length;the optimal combination design parameter combination of the fertilization amount is the traveling speed of 0.14m/s,the set fertilization amount is 500 g,the set fertilization length is 75 cm,the fertilization quantity precision is93.8%;the fertilization length error maximum is 5.8cm,the minimum length error of fertilization is 0.3cm.The precision of fertilization length is 93.6%,the maximum deviation of fertilization position is 6.9cm and the minimum deviation of fertilization position is2.6cm.