| In the control of agricultural diseases and insect pests in China,the overall degree of mechanization is low,and artificial spraying is the main method,but there are many problems in artificial spraying of pesticides.At the same time,the apple orchards in China are still dominated by arborized apple orchards,and the apple trees are large.The small spacing between rows is not convenient for manual and large spraying machinery.The plant protection UAV can operate remotely and carry out pesticide spraying operation over the orchard,which is not affected by the gap between trees,realizes uniform and reasonable spraying operation,avoids waste of chemical liquid and ensures the safety of spraying operation.In order to achieve the scale of agricultural production,high rate convenient,safe and controllable.The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the growth and decline of multiple diseases and insect pests in Luochuan County in 2018.At the same time,aiming at the multiple diseases and insect pests in apple orchard,the spray of MG-1P plant protection UAV was used to screen the influencing factors on the droplet density and control effect of UAV spraying,and the droplet density and control effect under different influencing factors were counted.The prevention and control effect of UAV spray is analyzed comprehensively.Finally,it is concluded that the best spraying scheme for MG-1P plant protection UAV in Dajiang is obtained in apple orchard.The main results are as follows.This experiment mainly investigated and counted the growth and decline rules of multiple diseases and insect pests(Podosphaera leucotricha,Aphis citricola,Lithocolletis ringoniella,Alternaria alternate f.sp.mali)in luochuan county,and compared and analyzed the prevention and control effects of unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial pesticide spraying.The optimal flight mode of uav spraying was tested in the orchard.The droplet density under different flight modes was measured and the control effect was statistically analyzed.The technical scheme of uav spraying for disease and insect pest control suitable for apple orchard was comprehensively analyzed.The main results are as follows:1.The main diseases and insect pests in Luochuan County in 2018 were Podosphaera leucotricha,Aphis citricola,Lithocolletis ringoniella,Alternaria alternate f.sp.mali.The occurrence period of Podosphaera leucotricha was from April to October of the year,during which there are two peak periods.The first time was from late April to early May,the highest diseased branch rate was 26%,and the second was mid-September,the highest diseased branch rate was 23%.The main occurrence specie of apple aphids was Aphis citricola,which mainly occurred from May to July,and the damage was the most serious from late May to early June,during which the number of insects per shoot reached 423 when the incidence was the heaviest.The occurrence period of the Lithocolletis ringoniella was from April to October,during which the adults have five generations,the first generation from the end of April to the beginning of May,the second generation in the middle of June,the third generation in the middle of July,the fourth generation in the middle of August and the fifth generation at the end of September.The maximum number of trapped insects was 159.The occurrence period of early deciduous disease of apple was mainly from July to October,and the main specie was Alternaria alternate f.sp.mali.The peak period was mainly in mid-September,and the incidence of louver reached 76% when the disease was the most serious.2.By using MG-1P plant protection drone to spray in apple orchard,the influencing factors of high spray droplet density and good control effect were selected as follows:(1)flight route: Spraying directly above the apple tree,the average droplet density on the front of the leaves on the Arborized apple trees is 43.04 numbers per cross section area,the back were 14.10 numbers per cross section area,and the average droplet density on the leaves of the Dwarfing apple trees were 48.44 numbers per cross section area,17.22 numbers per cross section area.(2)Flight speed: 1.5 m/s,the average droplet density on the front and back of the leaf were 48.98 numbers per cross section area,19.65 numbers per cross section area,respectively,and the control effect on early defoliation was 63.41%.(3)Flying height: 1.5 m from the top of the tree,the average droplet coverage density on the front and back of the leaf were 43.04 numbers per cross section area,14.10 numbers per cross section area,respectively.The control effect on early defoliation was 62.29%.(4)Topography: Spraying in apple orchards located in low-lying areas,the average droplet density on the front and back of the leaves were 54.82 numbers per cross section area,19.20 numbers per cross section area,respectively.The control effect on early defoliation of apples is 67.69%.(5)In different Rootstock: the density of fog on the dwarfing apple tree was more than that on the Arborized apple tree.(6)Among different ages: the average droplet coverage density of the leaf front and leaf back of the eight-year-old tree were 56.75 numbers per cross section area,23.00 numbers per cross section area,respectively,and the control effect on early defoliation was 69.44%.(7)During the different growth stages of apple tree leaves,the control effect on powdery mildew can reach 76.33%,and the control effect on aphids can reach 82.59%.3.By analyzing the prevention and control effects of the MG-1P plant protection drone spraying in Da jiang,it is concluded that the use of drone spraying is not ideal for pests and diseases such as mites that are harmful to the back of the leaf.The control effect of drone spraying on apple powdery mildew,golden moth,and early defoliation can reach about 80% of artificial spraying,while the control effect on apple aphid was only 64% of artificial spraying.4.Spraying with a drone,the concentration of the drug was 15 times that of the artificial spray,and the concentration of the drug and the concentration had no significant effect on the apple tree and fruit.UAV can save 20 times more time than manual spraying.The amount of water used for manual spraying was 40 times that of drone spraying.The cost of drones was the same as that of manual spraying.5.The technical scheme suitable for spraying the DJI MG-1P plant protection drone in the apple orchard is: using a flight height of 1.5 m from the tree top,a flight speed of 2 m/s,and a flight route spraying directly above the tree.The density of the droplets is high,the amount of the leaves is multi-drug,and the comprehensive control effect is good.It's the most economical and effective. |
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