| Quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)originated in the Andes Mountains of South America and had a long planning history in the world.In recent years,due to the rich nutritional quality and good adaptability quinoa had been well-known to mankind,which changing the cultivation technology in different countries.There are many varieties of quinoa germplasm in the world.Different quinoa varieties have different adaptability in various environments.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the adaptability of quinoa when introducing for the cultivation.At present,quinoa has been successfully introduced to various regions of China.With the fast expansion of planting area,the multiple purpose of high-quality quinoa biomass has been considered as high-quality pasture.In this experiment,15 quinoa varieties(lines)from the world and local selection have been cultivarted in western Jilin Province,the adaptability of quinoa was tested in the irrigation field.By analysing the relationship between grain yield with agronomical and fodder potential traits in maturity stage,the factors that affected the grain filling were examined.The fodder nutritional quality was determined and compared with alfalfa(Medicago sativa),Leymus chinensis and oat(Avena sativa L.)to evaluate the feeding potential.The specific test results and conclusions are as follows:(1)The results showed that quinoa genotypes selected in the current experiment can be cultivated in this region.The plant height and flowering time exhibited the quinoa adapted the local temperature.However,for the foreign introduction genotype Panallipa,due to the long growth period,the local climatic conditions cannot meet the mature grain formation;by contrast the other 14 genotypes can be harvested as a complete crop cycle.Therefore,it is feasible to promote the cultivation of quinoa in the western Jilin,but it is best to carry out the test trial before introducing the new varieties.(2)The highest grain yield of 15 quinoa varieties(lines)was genotype Painbon,which yielded 1837.35 kg per hectare,which was significantly higher than other genotypes.Other high grain yield genotypes also including the lines ZL06,ZL01 and ZL02,which indicated there was still having room to achieve the higher yield by slection the high yield potential cultivars.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between grain yield and effective branch numbers,a significant negative correlation with themain panicle length,main panicle stem and thousands grain weight,but it was a positive correlation with plant height.Moreover,field experimental observation that plant lodging was an important factor affecting yield.Therefore,it should be considered to select the genotype with more branches,shorter main ears,and moderately plant height varieties(lines)may obtain higher grain yield.(3)The higher biomass in the flowering stage were the genotypes ZL03 and ZQ1,and the forage yield reached 5000 kg per hectare.Correlation analysis showed that biomass was significantly and positively correlated with stem diameter and branch numbers,and significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content and fresh-to-dry ratio.Therefore,in order to select quinoa varieties(lines)with high biomass,it is recommended to choose the genotype with more branches,thick stems and moderate plant height.The high forage potential of quinoa was proved that the neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content and acid detergent fiber(ADF)content of quinoa were significantly lower than that of alfalfa,oat and Leymus chinensis,but the crude protein content was reaching more than 20%,significantly higher than the other three pastures.The amount of saponin present in quinoa plants plays an important role in regulating microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants.In summary,quinoa is a good plant to be the grain and pasture purpose,in this case the cultivation of quinoa should be improved and distributed to the local farmers in western Jilin Province. |
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