Stable Isotope Characteristics Analysis Of Endogenous Proteins In Honey And Its Traceability And Identification

China is a big beekeeping country,it's production and export of bee products are among the highest in the world.There is a large amount of fraud and adulteration in product quality,which seriously damages the reputation of quality brands,weakens consumer confidence and affects the healthy and sustainable development of beekeeping.Traceability of honey has become a more pressing need in the market.In this paper,stable isotope techniques are used to determine stable isotope in honey endogenous protein,combined with different chemometric methods to establish traceability of honey source and origin,and explore the feasibility of honey traceability study using stable isotopes in honey endogenous proteins.?1?The stable isotope ratio of endogenous proteins in honey is more stable than that in honey,and endogenous proteins are not susceptible to artificial manipulation such as adulteration.The carbon isotope ratio between honey and its endogenous protein is consistent,and the correlation coefficient between the two is above 0.8.Conclusions indicate that honey can be replaced by honey endogenous protein for traceability research.?2?There were significant differences in?¹³C_protein,?¹⁵N_protein and?¹⁸O_proteinrotein between rapeseed honey,acacia honey and honeydew,and there were significant differences in?²H_protein values.There were significant differences between the?¹³C_protein,?¹⁵N_protein and?¹⁸O_protein values of rapeseed in different producing areas.Therefore,it is feasible to identify and trace the origin of honey based on the stable isotope of honey endogenous protein.?3?There were no significant differences in?¹³C_protein,?¹⁵N_protein and?²H_proteinrotein between rapeseed in different years,and there was a significant difference in?¹⁸O_proteinrotein value.Combined with the precipitation data,it is concluded that the?¹⁸O value of endogenous protein in rapeseed in Qinghai Province in Qinghai Province has a highly negative correlation with the change of precipitation.?4?Based on the stable isotope ratio of honey endogenous protein,combined with PCA,LDA and OPLS-DA stoichiometry methods for honey source and origin traceability.The?¹⁸O_protein isotope played a decisive role in the identification of honey varieties.The overall correct rates of LDA and OPLS-DA models were 81.6%and89.47%,respectively.At the origin of production,?¹³C_protein and?¹⁵N_protein isotopes played a major role,LDA and OPLS-DA model discriminates the overall correct rates by 75%and 80.95%,respectively.Therefore,endogenous protein stable isotope combined with stoichiometry can be applied to the identification of honey varieties and traceability of origin.