| The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary energy and AA in late gestation on reproductive performance,nutrients metabolism,milk composition of sows.The trials were designed using a 2 x 2 factorial design,a total of 160 sows(parity 3 to 6),back fat thickness(17.61±0.66 mm)and body weight(273.7±4.69kg)were selected and randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 40 replicates with one sow per pen.Sows in each treatment were fed control diet(CON),high energy level diet(HE),high AA level diet(HAA),high energy and AA level diet(HE-HAA)specifically;the diet of CON(NE:6.75 Mcal/d,SID Lys:14.7 g/d)refer to the nutrition requirement of late-gestation for new Chinese pig raising standard of sows,the energy level was increased by 20% in HE diet(NE:8.07 Mcal/d,SID Lys:14.7 g/d)compared with that in CON diet;the AA level was increased by 40% in HAA diet(NE:6.74 Mcal/d,SID Lys:20.6 g/d)compared with that in CON diet;the energy level was increased by 20% and the AA level was increased by 40% in HE-HAA diet(NE:8.07 Mcal/d,SID Lys:20.6 g/d)compared with that in CON diet;other AA level of 4 diets were increased in the same proportion,and remained the ratio to the lysine level.The experimental diets were fed from d90 of gestation to farrowing.After the sows farrowed,they were fed the same diet and the lactation period last for 21 days.Sows were weighed at d90,110 of gestation and weaning(n=40),and plasma samples was collected(n=15)at d90,110 of gestation,1 h after farrowed and weaning(n=40),milk samples(n=15)was collected at 1 h and 7d after farrowed.The results showed:(1)Increased energy level in late gestation has a tendency to increase the weight gain in gestation d90-110(P = 0.056)and significantly increased the weight loss during lactation of sows(P<0.05);Increased AA level in late gestation significantly increased the weight gain of sows in gestation d90-110(P<0.05)and the weight loss during lactation(P<0.05)of sows.In addition,increased AA level tend to increase the back fat thickness of sows in gestation d90-110(P = 0.063).(2)Increased energy level in late gestation significantly reduced the farrowing-length of sows(P<0.05)and significantly increased BW of total litter(P<0.05),and there was a tendency to increase BW of alive litter(P = 0.072);increased AA level in late gestation increased the duration of farrowing of sows(P = 0.083)and BW of total litter(P = 0.089).Increased AA level in late gestation significantly increased the daily weight gain of piglet before weaning(P<0.05),and tended to increase the weaning weight of piglets(P = 0.084).(3)Increased energy level in late gestation significantly increased the fat level in colostrum(P<0.05)and lactose level in milk(P<0.05)of sows,however,significantly reduced fat level in milk(P<0.05).(4)Increased energy level in late gestation significantly increased the concentrations of plasma GLU at 110 days of sows(P<0.05),but significantly reduced concentrations of plasma LAC at the d110 of pregnancy(P<0.05),tended to increased concentrations of plasma NEFA at the d110 of pregnancy(P = 0.061)and decreased concentrations of plasma LAC(P = 0.065)at weaning of sows;and increased AA level in late gestation significantly increased the concentrations of plasma UREA(P<0.05)and d110 of gestation and during farrowing of sow,and significantly reduced the concentrations of plasma LAC at the time of weaning of sows(P<0.05);There was an interaction between plasma NEFA(P = 0.085)and TG(P = 0.027)when increased energy and AA level in late gestation of sows.(5)Increased energy level in late gestation significantly increased concentrations of plasma individual AA(Trp,Ile,Phe)during farrowing of sows(P<0.05),and there was a tendency to increase concentrations of plasma individual AA(P<0.10);and increased AA level in late gestation significantly increased concentrations of plasma individual AA(Lys,Met,Thr,Val,The levels of Ile,Leu,Phe,Asp,Ser,and Arg(P<0.05),tended to increase the concentrations of plasma individual AA(Gly,Tyr,His)(P<0.10);at the same time,when increased both energy and AA level in late gestation,there was a positive interaction between the concentrations of plasma individual AA(Val,Ile)in sows during farrowing(P<0.10)and a positive interaction effect on the concentrations of plasma individual AA(Arg)(P<0.10).(6)Increased energy level in late gestation significantly increased concentrations of plasma MDA during farrowing of sows(P<0.05).and increased AA level in late gestation significantly increased concentrations of plasma MDA during farrowing of sows(P<0.05).when increased both energy and AA level in late gestation,resulted in a positive interaction between the concentrations of plasma MDA(P<0.05)and a negative interaction between the concentrations of plasma Protein carbonyl(P = 0.075)during the farrowed of sows.(7)Correlation analysis showed there was a positive correlation between the colostrum yield and concentrations of plasma UREA(r=0.291,P=0.052)at d110 of pregnancy and a significant negative correlation between colostrum yield and concentrations of plasma MDA of sows at weaning(r=-0.322,P=0.043).sows farrowing-length was positively correlated with concentrations of plasma LAC level at d110 of gestation(r=0.301,P=0.042),and a negative correlation with concentrations of plasma MDA at farrowing(r=-0.337,P=0.041);total litter weight was positively correlated with the concentrations of plasma UREA level at d110 of pregnancy(r=0.278,P=0.062);the daily weight gain of the piglet before weaning was significant positive correlation between concentrations of plasma MDA at farrowing of sows(r=0.463,P=0.020);the weight of weaned piglets was significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of plasma UREA at the time of sow farrowing(r=0.374,P=0.021),and was positively correlated with concentrations of plasma MDA at weaning of sows(r=0.308,P=0.091).In conclusion:(1)Under the conditions of the study,increased energy level in late gestation have a tendency to improve sow body weight gain and significantly increase weight loss during lactation,but shorten the duration of farrowing of sows,which may be related to high energy intake that improved energy mobilization at farrowed;At the same time,increased energy level in late gestation increase the concentrations of fat in colostrum and lactose in milk.(2)Under the conditions of the study,increased AA level in late gestation improved sow body weight gain and significantly increase weight loss during lactation,but significantly increased the daily gains of piglets during lactation,which may be associated with high AA intake that improved sows nitrogen metabolism,which in turn increased milk production. |
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