Experimental Study On The Air Suction Fresh Peanut Cleaning And Removing Device

The cleaning and removing device is one of the key operating components of the peanut combine harvester,which has a great influence on the overall working performance and harvest quality of the peanut combine harvester.At present,there are problems such as low cleaning rate,high damage rate and low production efficiency in the cleaning operation of peanut joint harvesting machinery in China,and further research is needed to improve its working performance.In order to improve the cleaning performance of the peanut combine harvester,this paper analyzes the composition analysis and aerodynamic characteristics of the fresh fruit picking fruit extracts of various varieties,and designs the air suction type peanut clearing and removing device,and selects Shenyang agriculture.The Nonghua No.9 peanut planted in the University Peanut Cultivation Research Base was used as a test material to determine the optimal combination of the operation parameters of the decontamination device by experiment,and to reduce the loss rate of peanut pods while ensuring the cleaning rate.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Research on the development status of peanut cleaning equipment and various agricultural material wind-selection devices at home and abroad,and conduct experimental research on the components of peanut extracts and fruit extracts,and analyze the components and proportion of fresh fruit extracts.Through analysis,it is concluded that the components that need to be air-selected in the peanut-extracted fruit extracts are fresh peanuts,pods,broken stalks,peanut leaves,fruit stalks,grass clippings and broken film.This paper mainly solves the broken stalks mixed in the peanut pods.The impurities are used for the design and experimental study of the cleaning device.(2)The floating speed test of the fresh fruit picking fruit extracts showed that the best airflow velocity when the peanut pods were separated from other impurities was 9.7~11.3m/s.The effect of soil water content on the floating speed of each component of different peanut picking fruit extracts was studied: the higher the soil moisture content,the higher the floating speed of peanut fresh pods,thick stems,stalks,fruit stalks and leaves,The greater the wind speed required to operate the miscellaneous device,the greater the power required.The kinetic energy consumed during the test of the peanut cleaning device for loam cultivation is representative and universal.The land for planting Nonghua No.9 peanuts in the experimental base of Shenyang Agricultural University is loam.The moisture content of peanuts in Nonghua No.9 is moderate,and the difficulty of cleaning is moderate,which has universal significance.Therefore,the water content of soil and peanut extracts of fruit extracts is an important reason for the selection of Nonghua No.9 in subsequent experiments.(3)Based on the floating speed of impurities and pods in the raw material of the peanut,the design of the suction-type peanut pod selection cleaning device was designed.The calculation determines the theoretical total pressure required by the fan in the decontamination device,and combines the actual working conditions of the decontamination device and the manufacturing process to determine the structural parameters of the reasonable impeller,the suction duct on both sides and the fan casing.It provides a modeling basis for the simulation study of the flow field of the decontamination device.(4)Through the numerical simulation,the flow field motion of the impeller of the decontamination device is analyzed when 4,5 and 6 blades are respectively assembled.The results show that the impurity removal device calculated by the theoretical design has better suction and impurity removal functions,and different speeds of clearing airflow are formed in the suction channels on both sides,which has the function of two-stage suction and impurity removal,and clears the airflow.The velocity distribution at the suction port has a certain gradient,but the overall wind speed is relatively stable and does not affect the impurity removal operation.The increase in the number of blades can increase the suction capacity of the decontamination device,but it will aggravate the swirl of the airflow in the suction duct and affect the decontamination performance of the device.Therefore,the number of blades of the impeller for designing the impurity device is four.(5)Taking the fan impeller speed,the suction port height and the material feeding amount as the test factors,the cleaning rate and the loss rate are used as the test performance indicators of the cleaning and removing device,and the optimal factor range is determined by the single factor test.On this basis,the regression model of factors,cleaning rate and loss rate was established by combination test.The response surface method was used to analyze the influence of factor interaction on cleaning rate and loss rate.Finally,the parameter combination of cleaning and removing device was determined.The optimal impeller speed was 860r/min,the suction port height was 140 mm,and the material feeding amount was 1.3kg/s.The cleaning rate at this time was 97.57%,and the loss rate was 2.73%.