Genetic Analysis Of The Main Economic Characters Of Apricot And Preliminary Mapping Of Genes Related To The Kernel Flavour In Almond

Main economic characters are the major objectives of the breeding of new varieties.The direction of future breeding research will mainly focus on conventional cross breeding and followed by molecular markers.In this study,with genetic populations at F₁ generation of 4cross combinations?‘Sungold'בShajinhong',‘Sungold'בLuotuohuang',‘Sungold'בJipin',‘Saimaiti'בSungold'?as subjects,the genetic tendency of 10 major economic characters including phenological phase,single fruit weight,flesh typle,fruit firmness,soluble solid content,fruit aroma,stone adherence,fruit quality,yielding ability and kernel flavour in almond of F₁ generation were investigated for continuous 3 years.With isolated populations of‘Sungold'בShajinhong'with kernel flavour in almond as materials,the gene for kernel flavour in almond was preliminarily located using bulk segregant analysis?BSA?and referring to the genome of Prunus mume,providing a theoretical basis for formulating breeding strategies and molecular assisted breeding in the future.The results demonstrated as follows.1.Phenological phase,single fruit weight,fruit firmness,soluble solid content,fruit quality and yielding ability were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.In the main economic traits of F1 generation,the magnitude of heritability was as follows:soluble solid content>yielding ability>fruit flesh>fruit firmness>single fruit weight;the stronger the heritability was,the more pronounced the hybrid vigour would be.the magnitude of coefficient of variation was as follows:single fruit weight>fruit firmness>soluble solid content>fruit flesh>yielding ability;The larger the coefficient of variation,the larger the selection space.The flesh type?firm and soft?,fruit aroma?have and none?and kernel flavour in almond?sweet and bitter?were qualitative traits.Through the investigation of inheritance trends,it was found that‘Sungold',as a parent,has strong heritability in its main economic traits.It has broad application prospects in the breeding of new varieties with early or late maturity,fruit firm and high yield as objectives.2.With an F₁ segregating population?‘Sungold'בShajinhong'?with kernel flavour in almond?sweet and bitter?trait as experimental material,sequencing was carried out using the bulked segregant analysis through referring to the genome of Prunus mume.After sequencing and filtration,the obtained base number was 30.07 Gbp,the average comparison ratio to reference genome was 95.69%,the average coverage depth was 22.50 X,and the genome coverage was 89.43%.A total of 2,812,760 SNPs were obtained by sequencing,and 112,756high-quality and reliability SNPs were finally obtained.Linkage analysis was performed using ED method,and sweet/bitter kernel-related genes were located on the 7th linkage group.Six regions with a total length of 4.53 Mb and containing 498 genes were obtained.A total of22 genes showed frameshift mutations and a total of 5 regions with a total length of 1.92 Mb and containing 255 genes were obtained using In Del-index method.Five regions with a total length of 0.53Mb and containing 63 genes were obtained from the intersection of the corresponding intersection-associated regions of SNP and In Del.