A Preliminary Study On The Diapause Of The Osmia Excavata Alfken And A Survey Of The Status Of Population Damage

Osmia excavata Alfken is Chinese native mason bee,which usually conducts pollination activities in early spring.Compared with traditional honey bee pollination,it has the advantages of low temperature resistance,fast frequency of pollination,simple operation and low cost.In recent years,Osmia bees have been widely studied and applied in China.The use of Osmia excavata pollination is in line with the current economic,efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural development direction,which should become the key technology of modern agricultural production.This paper first studies the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the rhythm of the Osmia excavata out of cocoon.Subsequently,the changes of physical and chemical substances in the diapause period of the Osmia excavata were explained.Finally,taking a survey of the status of Osmia excavata population damageTaking the Osmia excavata on the diapause period as the research object,the rhythm of the out of cocoon was studied by setting four temperature conditions(15~oC,20~oC,25~oC,30~oC)and four different photoperiod(LL24,L10:D14,L14:D10,DD24).Record the number of out of cocoon bees every hour.The results showed that high temperature and no light conditions inhibit Osmia excavata climb out of cocoon.Under the conditions of24DD,L10:D14,L14:D10,the activity is concentrated in the light period.There is a fixed rhythm peak at 8 h-10 h under 24 LL conditions.As the temperature decreases,the rate of Osmia excavata climbed out of cocoon increases,and it is jointly regulated by environmental factors(photoperiod and temperature)and intrinsic rhythm.Research begins in December,the contents of water,protein,fat,trehalose,glycogen and trehalase activity in the diapause Osmia excavata bodies were measured.The results showed that From January to March,the water content and trehalase activity of Osmia excavata were gradually increased,and the contents of fat,protein,glycogen and trehalose gradually decreased.Compared with drones,the difference in glycogen and protein content between female bees is more significant.The increase of water content can improve the efficiency of material transportation and metabolic synthesis in Osmia excavata bodies.After the termination of diapause,the bee will provide energy for its own activities by decomposing glycogen and trehalose.Collecting the bee tubes of Osmia excavata in the apple orchards from 7 provinces include of Shandong,Hebei,Liaoning,Jiangsu,Xinjiang,Shanxi,Shaanxi,to investigate of factors affecting the growth of bee populations.The statistical results show that the areas with the highest hazard rate of parasitic wasps and mites are in Shandong Province.They are in Qingdao:the parasitic wasp rate is 19.40%,the mite rate in Zibo is 23.05%,and the survival rates of the bees are 48.83%and 57.43%respectively.In addition to Rizhao,the survival rate of the sampled Osmia excavata in the other five regions of Shandong Province is lower than the average level of other provinces.