The Study On The Optimum Dietary Vitamin B₁,Pantothenic Acid And Niacin Requirement Of Juvenile Golden Pompano?Trachinotus Ovatus?

1.Dietary vitamin B₁ requirement of juvenile golden pompano?Trachinotus ovatus?The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin B₁ on growth performance,intestinal digestion and absorption,intestinal microflora,and the immune response of juvenile golden pompano.Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated,containing diet-1?0 mg/kg?,diet-2?4.88 mg/kg?,diet-3?8.15 mg/kg?,diet-4?12.00 mg/kg?,diet-5?17.40 mg/kg?and diet-6?20.40 mg/kg?of vitamin B₁.The diets were fed to juvenile golden pompano?initial body weight:11.20±0.15g?for eight weeks.The study indicated that dietary vitamin B₁ significantly increased weight gain rate?WGR??P<0.05?,specific growth rate?SGR??P<0.05?,and feed efficiency ratio?FER??P<0.05?of golden pompano.Dietary vitamin B₁ levels had a significant effect on serum total cholesterol?TC??P<0.05?,glucose?GLU??P<0.05?,C4 complement?C4??P<0.05?and lysozyme?LZM??P<0.05?.A diet supplemented with 12.00 mg/kg vitamin B₁ increased the activities of hepatic total antioxidant capacity catalase?CAT??P<0.05?,superoxide dismutase?SOD??P<0.05?,glutathione peroxidase?GPX??P<0.05?,glutathione reductase?GR??P<0.05?,transketolase?TK??P<0.05?and hepatic vitamin B₁ accumulation?P<0.05?,decreasing the activities of hepatic malondialdehyde?MDA??P<0.05?.A diet supplemented with 12.00 mg/kg vitamin B₁improved intestinal digestion and absorption by increasing the activities of intestinal chymotrypsin?P<0.05?,?-glutamyl transferase??-GT??P<0.05?,and creatine kinase?CK??P<0.05?.Dietary vitamin B₁ also increased the intestinal microvilli length and microvilli numbers to a certain degree.Dietary vitamin B₁ increased the richness and the diversity of the microbial community?P<0.05;Tukey test?.Dietary vitamin B₁increased the number of Pseudomonas and restricted the number of Mycoplasma and E.shigella in intestine.A quadratic regression analysis on weight gain and hepatic vitamin B₁ concentrations indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin B₁ levels for the optimal growth of juvenile pompano were 12.94 and 12.61 mg/kg,respectively.2.Dietary pantothenic acid requirement of juvenile golden pompano?Trachinotus ovatus?The juvenile golden pompano?initial body weight:8.80±0.10g?were randomly assigned into six groups.They were fed with pantothenic acid contents of 0?16.4?20?26?33.4 and 37 mg/kg in the cages for eight weeks.The results showed that moderate pantothenic acid in feed had significantly effects on WGR,SRG and survival?P<0.05?.In muscle,the protein content of supplement 33.4 mg/kg pantothenic acid group was significantly higher than free group and supplement 16.4 mg/kg pantothenic acid group?P<0.05?.Dietary pantothenic acid significantly increased content of HDL-C and C4 and the activity of LZM.Pantothenic acid level in feed affected significantly the activities of hepatic acid phosphatase?ACP?,alkaline phosphatase?ALP?,peroxidase?POD?and glutathione reductase?GR??P<0.05?and significantly decreased the activity of hepatic MDA?P<0.05?when supplemented 20.0 and 26.0mg/kg pantothenic acid.Dietary pantothenic acid significantly increased the activities of amylase?AMS?,creatine kinase?CK?,?-GT and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase in intestine?P<0.05?.Pantothenic acid deficiency caused clubbed gills with interlamellar proliferative lesions.Dietary pantothenic acid also increased the diversity and abundance of intestinal microflora and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria.Quadratic regression analysis on WGR indicated that the recommended optimum dietary pantothenic acid level for optimal growth of juvenile golden pompano was21.03 mg/kg.3.Dietary niacin requirement of juvenile golden pompano?Trachinotus ovatus?Six groups of experimental diets containing different levels?14.9,22.4,28.6,37.9,42.0 and 77.5 mg/kg?of nicotinic acid were formulated.The juvenile golden pompano?initial body weight:8.80±0.10 g?were fed in the cages for eight weeks.The results showed that dietary niacin significantly increased the weight gain rate?WGR??P<0.05?,the specific growth rate?SGR??P<0.05?and the feed efficiency?FER??P<0.05?.Dietary niacin levels increased the protein content in whole fish and muscle?P<0.05?.The content of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol?HDL-C?and total cholesterol?TC?was significantly increased,the content of triglyceride?TG?was decreased significantly?P<0.05?,which improved the fat metabolism of golden pompano.The content of C3 and C4 in serum and the activities of lysozyme?LZM?,alkaline phosphatase?ALP?were significantly increased?P<0.05?with the increase of niacin level.Dietary niacin levels increased significantly the catalase?CAT?,alkaline phosphatase?ALP?and total antioxidant capacity?T-AOC??P<0.05?of the liver,which improved liver antioxidant capacity of golden pompano.Dietary niacin levels also improved intestinal digestion and absorption by increased the activity of glutamyl transferase??-GT??P<0.05?.Quadratic regression analysis on WGR indicated that the optimum of dietary niacin level for optimal growth of juvenile golden pompano was 29.85 mg/kg.