Study On Material Accumulation And Resource Utilization Efficiency Of Different Wheat Varieties Under Different Nitrogen Application

In this study,based on the field experiment,according to the different resource utilization of different varieties of wheat,Yumai 49-198,Zhengmai 0943,Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 were used as experimental materials to set three nitrogen fertilizer levels which were N₁(120 kg·hm^-2),N₂(210 kg·hm^-2)and N₃(300 kg·hm^-2),respectively.The utilization efficiency of light,heat and nitrogen resources in Wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer levels was comprehensively studied,and the differences among wheat varieties were discussed based on the study of yield and quality,so as to provide basis for high yield,high quality and high efficiency production of wheat.The main conclusions are as follows:1.At jointing stage and flowering stage,the chlorophyll content of flag leaf of four wheat varieties was the highest at 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate,and at grain filling stage,the chlorophyll content of flag leaf of Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943 was the highest at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate,and that of Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 was the highest at 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate.At three growth stages,net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of four wheat varieties was the highest at300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate,and Fv/Fm value was the highest at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate.2.At maturity stage,the dry matter accumulation and yield of Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943 were the highest at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.The dry matter accumulation and yield of Bainong418 and Xuke 316 were the highest at 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.The contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter translocation,translocation rate and dry matter translocation to grain of four cultivars reached the maximum at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.3.Increasing nitrogen application could significantly increase nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen uptake capacity was different of different genotypes wheat.Nitrogen fertilizer and varieties had significant effects on nitrogen accumulation,translocation,translocation rate of vegetative organs and the contribution rate of nitrogen translocation to grain.Nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs of four wheat varieties was the highest at 300 kg·hm^-2 of nitrogen application rate at flowering and maturity stage,and the contribution rate of nitrogen transport,translocation rate and nitrogen transport to grain was the highest at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate.Nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen harvest index and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of wheat were the largest at 120 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.4.Different cultivars have different efficiency of light and heat utilization due to different genotypes,and the amount of nitrogen applied to achieve maximum efficiency of light and heat utilization is also different.The energy use efficiency and heat use efficiency of Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943were the highest at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application,while those of Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 were the highest at 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application,and there were significant differences among nitrogen fertilizer treatments.Variance analysis showed that nitrogen fertilizer,cultivars and their interaction had significant effects on the energy use efficiency and heat use efficiency of wheat.5.The contents of Fe,Zn and Cu in grains of four cultivars were the highest at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application,and the highest at 120 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.The yields of Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu in grain of Yumai 49-198,Fe,Zn and Cu in grain of Zhengmai 0943 and Zn in grain of Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 were the highest at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.The yields of Fe,Mn,Cu in grain Bainong418 and Fe,Cu in grain Xuke 316 were the highest at 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.The yields of Mn in grain Zhengmai 0943 and Xuke 316 at 120 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application.Compared with varieties,the contents of trace elements in Yumai 49-198 and Bainong 418 were relatively low,and the yield of trace elements was relatively high.In summary,Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943 had the highest utilization efficiency of photothermal resources and yield at 210 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate;Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 had the highest utilization efficiency of photothermal resources and yield at 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application rate,and Yumai 49-198 and Bainong 418 had relatively high microelement yields.Considering the input amount of nitrogen fertilizer,utilization efficiency of resources,yield and nutritional quality,the combination of 210 kg·hm^-2 and Yumai 49-198 could achieve high yield,high quality and high efficiency in this study.