| In order to make full use of the light and heat resources in Southern Huang Huai to improve the production capacity of summer maize,excellent varieties suitable for each ecological region were selected.In 2018,30 approved corn varieties will be used as experimental materials for field trials in Fang Cheng county in southern Henan,jian ’an district in Xu Chang city in central Henan and He Bi city agro-meteorological experimental station(Xun Xian county)in northern Henan.Random block design will be carried out with three replications.The growth period,agronomic characters,yield characters,quality characters,light and temperature resource utilization ability,stress resistance and lodging resistance of maize were investigated and analyzed.The adaptability parameter method and the coefficient of variation method are used to evaluate the adaptability of the light and temperature resource utilization coefficient and yield of the variety.The main results are as follows.1.The average production of 100 kg per hectare corn grain in southern Henan sites need 0.70-0.94 d growth time,18.58-24.55℃ accumulated temperature,4.57-6.03 h light time,in 30 varieties,Huai Chuan39 has the strongest ability of temperature and light resource utilization.According to the evaluation criteria,4 lodging resistant varieties of corn with high and stable yield were selected by the coefficient of variation method:Zheng Dan 1002,Zheng Dan 6095,Qing Yu 9 and Jing Nongke 728,with the yield of 13962.30kg/ha,13917.60kg/ha,13785.60kg/ha and 13444.65kg/ha,respectively.Most varieties with plant height between 245 and 260 cm,spike position between 88 and 94 cm and male spike with 6-9 lateral branches showed strong adaptability in the ecological region of southern Henan.2.The average production of 100 kg per hectare corn grain in sites of central Henan need 0.94-1.28 d growth time,24.73-32.67 ℃ accumulated temperature,5.81-8.14 h light time,in the 30 varieties,Fan Yu 98 has the strongest ability of light temperature resource utilization.According to the evaluation criteria,three maize lodging resistant varieties with high and stable yield,namely,Fan Yu 98,Yu Feng 303 and Di Ka H1509,were selected by the coefficient of variation method and their yield were 10679.70kg/ha,10675.20kg/ha and 9799.95kg/ha,respectively.Plant height was between 240-255 cm and spike position was between 71-81 cm.Most varieties with 5-8 lateral branches of tassel showed strong adaptability in central Henan.3.The average production of 100 kg per hectare corn grain in the sites of northern Henan need 0.73-1.21 d growth time,19.41-31.81 ℃ accumulated temperature,5.26-8.93 h light time,in the 30 varieties,Wei Ke 702 has the strongest ability of light temperature resource utilization.According to the evaluation criteria,8 varieties with high and stable yield were selected by using the coefficient of variation method,namely Xian Yu 1140,Qing Yu 9,Xin Dan 68,Zheng Dan 1002,Yu ’An 3,Sheng Yu 88,Da Feng 30 and Feng Yu 601,with the yield of 12070.35kg/ha,11900.25kg/ha,11531.70kg/ha,11344.05kg/ha,11070.90kg/ha,11064.15kg/ha,11028.75kg/ha and 10941.60kg/ha,respectively.On the whole,the varieties in southern Henan have the strongest ability of light and temperature resource utilization and those in central Henan have the weakest.The light and temperature resource demand at seedling stage accounted for slightly less than 20% of the total light and temperature resources at growth stage,slightly more than 20% of that at ear stage,and more than 50% of that at flower and grain stage.Flower and grain stage is the main gap in the growth stage of the growth period between varieties.And it is positively correlated with the total number of days of growth period,while there is no significant correlation between seedling stage and spike stage and the total number of days of growth period.The disease and insect pests were most serious in the varieties of the central Henan and less in that of southern and northern Henan.Deng Hai 605 and De Dan 5 have strong resistance to disease and insect.Especially,Deng Hai 605 has the strongest resistance to disease and insect.The average yield was highest in southern Henan(12706.22kg/ha),followed by northern Henan(10544.95kg/ha),and lowest in central Henan(9378.25kg/ha).Yield was positively correlated with grain number per ear,length of fruiting ear,weight of 100 grains,and diameter of ear,and negatively correlated with growth coefficient,cumulative temperature coefficient and light duration coefficient.According to the evaluation criteria,Zheng Dan 1002 shows strongest ecological adaptability in the three ecological zones. |
