| Fish is a high quality source of animal protein.Fish is popular because of its high water content,short fiber,delicate meat,good digestion and absorption and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.At present,there are more than 1,000 kinds of fish in the world for commercial fishing and production.However,the varieties of fish resources in Henan province are relatively single,so it is urgent to explore local famous aquatic products to meet the growing consumer demand.Rhynchocypris oxycephalus is one of high-quality,small,rare and economic freshwater fish in China,which has become consumer's favorite because of its delicate meat,less thorns and high nutritional value.However,Rhynchocypris oxycephalus in Henan province is wild-breeding,and its breeding,promotion and nutrition are behind those in Heilongjiang province.Based on the research and the current status of fish production in Henan province,in this study,we firstly analyzed the nutrient composition of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus;then we compared the nutrition composition(especially unsaturated fatty acid components)among muscle,liver,intestine and other tissues;finally,we discussed the relationship between muscle quality and the content of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle.This study provide the fundamental basis for the conservation of Rhynchocyporis oxycephalus and the development of native fish products,meanwhile,which inject new vitality into the fishery economy in Henan province.According to the routine nutrient analysis of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus,we found that the content of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash is 79.59±2.92%,16.62±2.73%,1.15±0.45% and 0.96±0.05%,respectivly.At the same time,the value of pH,meat content,fatness,storage loss rate,cryopreservation loss rate,cooking loss rate,gonad index and visceral ratio is 6.91±0.16%,61.50±3.35,1.25±0.17%,3.78±0.01%,6.74±0.01%,18.78±0.02%,7.17±6.09% and 4.62±0.49%,respectively.Through the detection of amino acid composition,17 kinds of amino acids were detected in the in the muscle of Rhynchocyphris oxycephalus,including 7 essential amino acids(38.82%),2 essential amino acids(8.56%)and 8 non-essential amino acids(55.28%).The contents of flavor amino acids,branched chain amino acids and sulfur-containing amino acids are 38.56%,17.22% and 2.13%,respectively.In terms of amino acid composition,the content of glutamic acid(15.51%)is the highest,followed by aspartic acid(10.97%),leucine(8.38%),proline(8.31%)and lysine(8.24%).The content of cysteine(0.45%)is the least.The essential amino acid index is 96.24,the amino acid score(ASS)standard is close to or greater than 1,the chemical score(CS)standard is greater than 0.5,and the lysine content is 705 mg/g N,which is 2.07 times than the FAO/WHO score and 1.60 times than the whole egg protein mode.Therefore,it indicates that Rhynchocyphris oxycephalus is a good source of human protein.Through the analysis of fatty acids,11 kinds of fatty acids were mainly detected in back muscle,abdominal muscle,liver,intestine,brain,kidney and spleen of Rhynchocyphary oxycephalus,including 3 kinds of saturated fatty acids,3 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids and 5 kinds of saturated fatty acids.The content of EPA+DHA in muscle is 18.07%,and the ratio of ??-3/??-6 is greater than 0.98,indicating that Rhynchocypris oxycephalus is a high quality freshwater fish rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.Finally,through literature review and statistical analysis,we evaluated the quality of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus comprehensively.We found that the water content is higher than that of most fish.The protein content and fat content are similar to most fish,mainly characterized by high protein content and low fat content.Taken together,our results indicates that as a native fish in Henan province,which with low fat type,high protein content,abundant amino acids and fatty acids and balanced nutrition ratio,Rhynchocypris oxycephalus can be used as a great food source. |
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