| Corn is an important food crop in our lives,it is not only rich in nutrients,but also an excellent feed for animal husbandry and an important industrial raw material.The Songnen Plain is the main producing area of spring corn in China,and the southern corn is widely cropped.Phosphorus moves very little in the soil,but in plants,the range of movement of phosphorus is very broad.Its accumulation in various organs and the distribution of it has a role in promoting the growth and development of crops,and will increase the utilization of fertilizers.Corn is a typical crop that is extremely sensitive to phosphorus.However,because people often blindly fertilize in production,and the phosphorus content in the soil varies to some extent between different regions,excessive phosphorus application or insufficient phosphorus application often occurs,lead to waste of phosphate resources and unreasonable fertilizer distributi on.Phosphate rock in soil is also a non-renewable resource;therefore,it is of great significance to study the relationship between phosphorus application level and corn yield and the influence of soil phosphorus composition on the production characteristics of spring corn in Songnen Plain.In this test,for the 2016,2017,and 2018,there were no phosphorus fertilizer,constant phosphate fertilizer(P205:80.7kg/hm2,similar to local production and application),and high phosphorus fertilizer(P205:161.4kg/hm2).The treatment of continuous non-phosphorus fertilizer,continuous application of constant phosphate fertilizer and continuous application of high-yield phosphate fertilizer with continuous application of phosphorus for 3 years was recorded as PN,PC and PH.In order to study the effect of phosphorus application level change,no phosphorus fertilizer was applied in 2016 and 2017,and constant phosphate fertilizer and high phosphorus fertilizer in 2018 were recorded as PN-C and PN-G;constant phosphate fertilizer in 2016 and 2017,no phosphorus fertilizer in 2018 was recorded as PC-N;in 2016 and 2017,high phosphorus fertilizer was applied,no phosphorus fertilizer in 2018 was recorded as PH-N.The effects of phosphorus application rate on continuous corn yield and soil phosphorus fraction were studied.The results showed that:1.Three years of continuous non-phosphorus fertilizer(PN),continuous application of constant phosphate fertilizer(PC),continuous high-yield phosphate fertilizer(PH)treatment compared with corn yield performance of PH and PC is not significant,but higher than PN;no phosphate fertilizer for two years,constant phosphate fertilizer for the third year(PN-C)and high amount of phosphate fertilizer(PN-H),increased the yield with the increase of phosphorus application rate;two years were constant phosphate fertilizer and high phosphorus fertilizer,and the third year was no application of phosphate fertilizer(PC-N,PH-N)showed no reduction in production.2.Three years of continuous non-phosphorus fertilizer(PN),continuous application of constant phosphate fertilizer(PC),continuous application of high-yield phosphate fertilizer(PH)treatment compared to corn aboveground and grain phosphorus content,phosphorus accumulat ion showed PH and PC difference is not significant,but higher than PN,and the phosphorus content and phosphorus accumulation in roots and shafts are significantly different between PH and PC,but higher than PN;no phosphate fertilizer for two years,constant phosphate fertilizer for the third year(PN-C)and high amount of phosphate fertilizer(PN-H),aboveground,root,grain and axis phosphorus content,phosphorus accumulation decreased with the increase of phosphorus application;two years were constant phosphate fertilizer and high phosphorus fertilizer,and the third year was no application of phosphate fertilizer(PC-N,PH-N)except for the roots,the aboveground,grain and axis phosphorus content,phosphorus accumulation did not show a decrease.3.Three consecutive years of non-phosphorus fertilizer(PN),continuous application of constant phosphate fertilizer(PC),continuous application of high-yield phosphate fertilizer(PH)NH4Cl extraction of phosphorus,HCl extraction of phosphorus and residual phosphorus showed a significant difference between PH and PC,but higher than PN,Na HCO3 extracted phosphorus showed significant difference between PH and PC,but higher than PN;no application of phosphate fertilizer for two years,third year application of constant phosphate fertilizer(PN-C)and high amount of phosphate fertilizer(PN-H),NH4 Cl extraction of phosphorus,Na HCO3 extraction Phosphorus increased with the increase of phosphorus application rate,while HCl extracted phosphorus and residual phosphorus were opposite;two years were constant phosphate fertilizer and high phosphorus fertilizer,and the third year was no application of phosphate fertilizer(PC-N,PH-N),NH4 Cl extracted phosphorus did not appear to decrease,Na HCO3 extracted phosphorus and HCl extracted phosphorus PC-N showed no decrease,while PH-N performance decreased,while residual phosphorus was opposite;Na OH extracted phosphorus did not show a consistent pattern.4.Three-year continuous application of constant phosphate fertilizer(PC)and continuous high-yield phosphate fertilizer(PH)treatment showed that PC utilization rate was higher than PH compared with phosphate fertilizer utilization rate,phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity,phosphate fertilizer agronomic efficiency and phosphate fertilizer physiological utilization rate;no application of phosphate fertilizer for two years,third year application of constant phosphate fertilizer(PN-C)and high amount of phosphate fertilizer(PN-H),the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer,the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer,and the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer decreased with the increase of phosphorus application rate.. |
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