Trichomonas Vaginalis Triggers The Release Of THP-1 Cells Extracellular Traps

Trichomonas vaginalis is prevalence and occurring at an increasing rate in the world.Trichomonas vaginalis may be the most epidemic protozoan between human and animal.Trichomonas vaginalis generally infects human,and can infect monkey and other animals.Trichomonas vaginalis infection can cause a range of symptoms,including vaginitis and urethritis,which is related with the infection of human immune deficiency virus and human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus^[1].Extracellular traps is important for innate immunity of defending pathogen.The research of extracellular traps related with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii and Eimeria bovis has been reported^[2].Despite the research of extracellular traps induced by Giardiasis of flagellate has been explored^[3],there is no report released wether Trichomonas vaginalis induced extracellular traps and hampered the invasion of TV by releasing reactive oxygen species?ROS?.THP-1 cell is human monocytic cell line of peripheral blood.We observed the extracellular traps stimulated by Trichomonas vaginalis by using scanning electron microscopy;We examined the composition of THP-1 derived extracellular traps by fluorescence confocal microscopy;We measured the level of ROS by Reactive Oxygen Detection Kit when THP-1 derived extracellular traps triggered by Trichomonas vaginalis;We measured the level of lactic dehydrogenase?LDH?by Lactic Dehydrogenase Detection Kit when THP-1 derived extracellular traps triggered by Trichomonas vaginalis;We measured the effect of different ratios and different time of stimulation for the extracellular traps induced by Trichomonas vaginalis by using double strands DNA Detection Kit;We examined the effect of Trichomonas vaginalis in different conditions for the formation of THP-1 derived extracellular traps by using double strands DNA Detection Kit;We investigated the activation of the ERK1/2MAPK and P38 MAPK signaling pathways when the formation of extracellular traps induced by Trichomonas vaginalis by Western blot;We measured the level of IL-1?and TNF?by IL-1?Detection Kit and TNF?Detection Kit,which was secreted by THP-1 cells stimulated by Trichomonas vaginalis.The results of scanning electron microscopy revealed that Trichomonas vaginalis was attached by THP-1 cells with the longer and thinner meshy fibers containing several irregular small holes.This is the most directly and potent evidence confirming the formation of extracellular traps;Fluorescence confocal microscopy demonstrated the typical characteristic of extracellular traps:the DNA framework decorated with myeloperoxidase?MPO?and histones?H3?;The results of the measurement of ROS demonstrated that THP-1 derived extracellular traps up regulated the level of ROS.The results of the measurement of ROS also demonstrated that THP-1 derived extracellular traps have the ability of killing the pathogen;The results of the measurement of LDH demonstrated that THP-1 derived extracellular traps remain the integral cell membrane.The results also indicated that extracellular traps was a new typical of cell death and different from necrosis;The results of the measurement of DNA demondtrated that Trichomonas vaginalis induced extracellular traps was a does dependent and reduced with the increase of time.We also showed that different conditions of Trichomonas vaginalis can not affect the formation of extracellular traps;The results of Western blot demonstrated that the extracellular traps elicited by Trichomonas vaginalis was related with ERK1/2MAPK and P38 MAPK signaling pathways;The results of the measurement of cytokine demonstrated that the THP-1 cells stimulated by Trichomonas vaginalis released IL-1?and TNF?,which may contribute to the formation of extracellular traps.The results also provided new ideas for the exploration of the mechanism of Trichomonas vaginalis induced extracellular traps.