| As a kind of fur animal with important economic value,the coat color of raccoon dogs is very important factor which affects its value.White raccoon dog is a mutation of white gene found in breeding,which was popular among consumers because of its pure color,fine color and easy process.It is of great significance to understand the results of the production performance determination of white raccoon dog and to explore the hair color mutation mechanism for accelerating the breeding of white mutant raccoon dog.In this study,the reproductive performance,growth performance,fur quality and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of white raccoon dog were measured.The skin transcriptome of white raccoon was analyzed by using black raccoon dog as the control group.The differentially expressed genes related to hair color were screened out to explore the role of differentially expressed genes in hair color formation of raccoon dog.The TYRP1 gene was cloned.The main research results were as follows:1.Reproductive performance: during the three years from 2016 to 2018,the average litter number of white raccoon dogs and wusuli raccoon dogs was between 8 and 9,with no significant difference(P>0.05).The survival rate of white raccoon dogs and wusuli raccoon dogs was above 75 %,with no significant difference(P>0.05).Growth performance: there was no significant difference in body weight between white raccoon dogs and wusuli raccoon dogs at 30,60,90,120,150,180 and 210 days(P>0.05).During the skin making period,the body length of male wusuli raccoon dogs was larger than that of male white raccoon dogs with no significant difference(P >0.05).The body length of female wusuli raccoon dogs was larger than that of female white raccoon dogs with no significant difference(P >0.05).The body height of male wusuli raccoon dogs was larger than that of male white raccoon dogs with no significant difference(P >0.05).The body height of female wusuli raccoon dogs was larger than that of female white raccoon dogs with no significant difference(P >0.05).Fur quality: there was no significant difference between white raccoon dogs and wusuli raccoon dogs in needle hair length and skin length(P >0.05).During the comparison of the fluff length,the fluff length on the back of male white raccoon dogs was larger than that of male wusuli raccoon dogs with no significant difference(P >0.05).The fluff length on the back of female white raccoon dogs was larger than that of male wusuli raccoon dogs with no significant difference(P >0.05).Blood physiological and biochemical indexes: among the 18 physiological indexes tested,the RBC of female wusuli raccoon dogs was significantly higher than that of white raccoon dogs(P <0.05).The MCH of female white raccoon dogs was significantly higher than that of female wusuli raccoon dogs(P <0.05).The PDW and P-LCR of male white raccoon dogs were significantly higher than that of female white raccoon dogs(P <0.05).The PDW of female wusuli raccoon dogs was significantly higher than that of female white raccoon dogs(P <0.05).Among the 12 biochemical indexes tested,the ALP of wusuli raccoon dogs was significantly higher than that of white raccoon dogs(P <0.05).TP,CHO and HDL-C of male white raccoon dogs were significantly higher than that of female white raccoon dogs(P <0.05).2.The results of the determination of the melanin content in the needle hair and fluff of black and white raccoon dogs showed that the content of eumelanin in black raccoon dog guard hair was 10.381±0.263 ?g/mg,while the content of eumelanin in white raccoon dog guard hair was 1.282±0.038 ?g/mg and the difference was very significant(P<0.01).The content of eumelanin in black raccoon dog fluff was 9.362±0.498 ?g/mg,while the content of eumelanin in white raccoon dog fluff was 1.191±0.065 ?g/mg and the difference was very significant(P<0.01).3.Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the back skin of two kinds of raccoon dog,and major differentially expressed genes were screened.It was found that there were significant differences in the expression of 526 genes in the back skin of white raccoon dog and black raccoon dog.GO functional annotation significant co-clustering involves 40 functional categories of biological processes,molecular functions and cell components.KEGG analysis found that the differentially expressed genes were annotated into 39 pathways,including Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways.A comprehensive analysis of these differentially expressed genes(TYRP1,SOX10,PMEL,OCA2 and EDN3)was performed and q-PCR was used to verify their expression levels in the skin tissues of two kinds of raccoon dog.The results showed that the expression levels of these genes were consistent with the transcriptional data,that is,the expression levels of TYRP1,SOX10,PMEL,OCA2 and EDN3 in the skin tissues of white raccoon dog were significantly lower than those of black raccoon dog.4.The CDS sequence of black raccoon dog TYRP1 gene was 1614 bp,encoding 537 amino acids.Amino acids encode proteins that are unstable soluble hydrophilic proteins.The TYRP1 gene of black raccoon dog has a close genetic distance to the fox,whose secondary structure has a high proportion of random coil and alpha helix. |
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