| In the modern pig production industry,the hyperprolific sow has resulted that the number of piglets per litter increased,while the sow milk yield is insufficient to achieve the nutritional needs of each piglet causing the great loss of the pig production industry.Therefore,lots of pig farms have supplied the milk replacer for piglets to solve the sow milk insufficient.Therefore,the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the early supplementary feeding milk replacer on the growth performance,internal organs index,small intestinal mucosal morphology,disacchridase activities,the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters and disaccharidase,bacterial community and bacterial metabolites in the piglets of the pre-and post-weaning,by supplement the milk replacer on the 4th day compared with the exclusive breastfeeding piglets.This study is divided into three parts.1.The effect of the early supplementary feeding milk replacer on growth performance,the small intestinal’ digestion and absorption capacity of pre-and post-weaning piglets.The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of early supplementary feeding milk replacer on suckling piglets’ growth performance,small intestinal mucosal morphology,disacchridase activities and the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters and disaccharidase.In this study,ten litters of Douroc x Landrace x Yorks newborn piglets were randomly divided into two groups of five litters(a control group and a treatment group).The piglets in the control group(control)were reared by the sow,while the piglets in the treatment group(treatment)were supplemented with a milk replacer along with suckling from the 4th to 28th day of age.On the 28th day,one piglet was randomly picked in each litter,and then slaughtered for samples.The remained piglets were weaned,and switched to a same diet for 7 days(on the 35th day).On the 35th day,one piglet was randomly picked in each litter,and then slaughtered for samples.Liver,kidney,spleen,pancreas,stomach and small intestinal were segregated and weighed respectively.No significant difference was observed on the growth performance,liver,kidney,spleen,pancreas,stomach,small intestinal length and weight,villus height and crypt depth in the treatment group compared with those in the control group(P>0.05).On the 28th day,in the jejunum,compared with the control,the activity of lactase was significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with those in the control group(P<0.05),while the activity of sucrase was significantly increased in the treatment group(P<0.05).In the ileum,compared with the control,the maltase activity was significantly increased(P<0.05)in the treatment group,while the activity of the lactase and sucrase tended to significantly increased(P<0.05).On the 35th day,compared with control,the jejunum’ maltase and the ileum’ lactase activity were significantly increased in the treatment group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the early supplementary milk replacer has no effect on the piglets’ growth performance,the internal organs index and the small intestinal morphology on the 28th and 35th day.However,It could increase the di5accharidease activity in the small intestine mucosa of piglets on the 28th and the 35th day.2.The effect of the early supplementary feeding milk replacer on bacterial community and metabolites in the jejunum of pre-and post-weaning piglets.The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of early supplementary feeding milk replacer on the bacterial community and metabolites in jejunum of the pre-and pro-weaning piglets.The experiment design was same as that of trial 1.On the 28th day,the results showed that the concentrations of acetic acid and total short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were significantly increased in the treatment group compared with those in the control group(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Clostridiaceae 1,Erysipelotrichaceae and Clostridium XIVa were higher in the jejunum digesta of piglets in the treatment group than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the abundance of Clostridium XI in the jejunum digesta of piglets tended to increase(P = 0.07).On the 35th day,the concentration of lactic acid and the veillonellaceae in the jejunum digesta of piglets tended to increase in the treatment group than those in the control group(P = 0.05;P = 0.08),while the pH value was significantly deceased(P<0.05).In conclusion,the early supplementary milk replacer has no effect on the bacterial community in jejunum of piglets on the 28th and the 35th day,but,it could increase the acetic acid and total SCFAs concentration on the 28th day.While it decreased the pH value,increased the concentration of lactic acid.3.The effect of the early supplementary feeding milk replacer on bacterial community and metabolites in the ileum of pre-and post-weaning piglets.The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of early supplementary feeding milk replacer on the bacterial community and metabolites in ileum of the pre-and pro-weaning piglets.The experiment design was same as that of trial 1.On the 28th day,the concentration of propionic acid,isobutyrate,and the proportion of propionic acid in total short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the proportion of acetate in total SCFAs was significantly decreased in the ileal digesta in the treatment group compared with those in the control group(P<0.05).On the 35th day,compared with the control,the pH value of the ileal digesta of the treatment group was significantly deceased(P<0.05).Moreover,the concentration of lactic acid and the gene copies of the Firmicutes in the ileal digesta were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,the early supplementary feeding milk replacer has no effect on the bacterial community in ileum of piglets on the 28fth and 35th day.But,it could increase the concentration of propionic acid and the proportion of propionic acid in total SCFAs on the 28th day.While it decreased the pH value,increased the concentration of lactic acid on the 35trh day.The results suggest that the early supplementary feeding milk replacer provides a healthy ileum environment on the 28th and the 35th day. |
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