The Selelection Of Ecological Adaptive Wheat Varieties And Evaluation Of Cultivation Techniques In The Bei Bu Winter Wheat Area Of China

The BeiBu winter wheat area is the main winter wheat production area in China.In recent years,the adjustment of agricultural development mode,climate change,water shortage,etc.,combined with the decline of the proportion of wheat planting area and the uneven structure of the varieties,the screening of ecologically adaptable winter wheat varieties to regional wheat Sustainable development is of great significance.Based on the observation data of agricultural meteorological stations in China from 1980 to 2015 and the RCP4.5 climate scenario data of the UK HadGEM2-ES model area in2011-2050,this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of meteorological elements in the BeiBu winter wheat area in the past 36 years,and analyzes the typical sites according to the field experiment.The changes of yield,quality and meteorological elements of different wheat varieties were determined to determine the ecological adaptability and good quality characteristics of different wheat varieties in the region.At the same time,the DSSAT model was used to simulate the yield changes of different varieties under different irrigation treatmentsin 2011-2050?RCP4.5 scenario?,and then the high-yield and water-saving medium-strong gluten wheat varieties were screened.The main conclusions are as follows:?1?Determining the interannual and chronological characteristics of meteorological elements in the wheat growing season in the BeiBu winter wheat regionIn the BeiBu winter wheat area,the average winter wheat growth period from 1980 to 2015 was201.62mm,and the average solar radiation was 4058.91MJ·m^-2,both of which showed a slight downward trend,but did not reach a significant level.The rate of change of precipitation on the spatial distribution gradually decreases from north to south,and the rate of change of solar radiation changes from north to south from negative to positive.From 1980 to 2015,the highest temperature and maximum temperature during the growth period of winter wheat in North China were significantly increased by 0.30°C·?10a?^-1 and 0.51°C·?10a?^-1,respectively.The average value of the two was 12.5?and 0.06?,the spatial distribution gradually increased from north to south,and the frequency of high temperature events at 30°C and 34°C in the sub-region of winter wheat wheat in the past 36 years increased.?2?The characteristics of yield and quality traits of different varieties in the winter wheat area of northern China were determined.In this study,the Beijing Shunyi Experimental Base of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was used as a regional representative site to carry out field trials comparing the selection and quality characteristics of different winter wheat adaptive varieties.Field trials showed that the yield of different varieties of cv.Zhongmai1062 was the highest,and cv.Jinghua 9,cv.Jingdong22 and cv.Jingsheng1,which contained cv.Jingdong 8,had the best quality.There were significant differences in yield factors and quality factors between different water treatments.The number of grains per panicle,1000-grain weight and wet gluten in spring 2 water treatment were significantly higher than 0 water,while the weight-bearing spring 0 water treatment was the largest,hardness index,stabilization time,formation time,sedimentation index.The gluten index increases with the increase of moisture.The cluster analysis of the traits of the cultivars showed that the Zhongmai series cultivar cv.Zhongmai 1062,cv.Zhongmai 175 and cv.Zhongmai 996 were high-yield and high-quality adaptable varieties.?3?Analysis of temporal and spatial variation of potential yield of wheat varieties in winter wheat region of northern ChinaWith the DSSAT model,through the crop variety parameter verification,the potential yield of each wheat variety in the BeiBu winter wheat area under the RCP4.5 scenario in the future 2011-2050 was simulated.The potential yields of different wheat varieties vary greatly,with a variation range of6120.0¹4969.6kg/hm².The potential yield of cv.Zhongmai 1062 is the highest,followed by the higher varieties of cv.Heng 4399,cv.Zhongmai 175 and cv.Heng 4444.In addition to the change of time,cv.Zhongmai 1062 and cv.Heng 4444,the production potential of other varieties increased with different degrees.The production potential of cv.lunxuan 987 and cv.Shimai 15 light temperature varied greatly.In the spatial distribution,the potential yield of wheat in the winter wheat region in the north is from east to west and gradually increases from north to south.?4?Revealed the regional performance characteristics and variation characteristics of the yield of the next variety of wheat under different water treatments.In the simulation of water-saving effect of high-yield varieties in the BeiBu winter wheat area,the spatial variation of wheat yield in spring 2 water irrigation was mainly caused by soil moisture and nutrients,showing a trend from south to north and from west to east.The spatial variation of water and spring 0 water irrigation yield is mainly caused by precipitation,and the spatial similarity characteristics of zero water irrigation and precipitation in spring are more obvious.The yield difference between the three water treatment varieties was not significant.Under the spring 2 water irrigation conditions,the average yield of 11 varieties was 8398.42 kg/hm²,which was 41.54%lower than the potential yield.Spring 1 and 0 water irrigation yields decreased by 15.3%and 34.0%,respectively,compared to spring2 water.Among the different varieties,the higher potential yields were cv.Zhongmai 1062,cv.Heng4399,and cv.Zhongmai 175;while the high-yield varieties of spring irrigation 2 water in actual production were cv.Nongda 212 and cv.Heng 4399.In the spring irrigation,the water-saving high-yield varieties are cv.Nongda 212 and cv.Liangxing 99.In the spring,the water-resistant variety is the cv.Heng 4399.With the reduction of the number of irrigations,the yield of winter wheat is correspondingly reduced.Therefore,in actual production,it is necessary to comprehensively select ecologically adaptable varieties according to the specific conditions combined with cultivation measures and local water and fertilizer environment.