Effects Of Water And Fertilizer On Morphological Characteristics, Physiological Process And Yield Components Of Winter Wheat Under Straw-Return

Soil water content and fertility are important factors that restrict the increase of crop yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Currently,straw-return has become an important fertilizer resource for farmland ecosystems,meanwhile,which is one of the important cultivation measures for crop yield in northern agriculture.Because it can provide essential nutrients for crops,soil organic matter,water content,and reduce soil temperature.However,only depending on straw-return does not meet the crop’s demand for water and fertilizer.Therefore,this paper studied the effects of irrigation and fertilization period,irrigation and fertilization amount on winter wheat yield,leaf stomatal characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics under straw return.In order to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.And the optimal irrigation system and fertilization system for winter wheat under straw returning are discussed.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)In the whole growth stage of winter wheat,straw-return resulted in a decrease in net photosynthesis rate at jointing stage,but increased at heading,grain filling and maturity stages,meanwhile,leaf area was consistent with net photosynthesis rate under straw-return.Moreover,the pattern of stomatal distribution was nore regular at heading and grain filling strages under straw-return.In addition,straw-return increased the soil water content,but resulted soil N content decrease at jointing stage,increased soil N and P contents at harvest stage.(2)In the heading and grain filling stages,the increased or reduced irrigation amount both resulted in an increase in the net photosyhthesis rate of winter wheat,they did not reach a significant level,but a significant decreased in soil N content.In addition,reduced irrigation amount lead to water use efficiency increased of winter wheat at heating stage.With the increased in irrigation amount,the soil water content increased,however,the thousand weight of winter wheat decreased.(3)Compared with control treatment,wintering water + jointing water + flowing water increaed the net photosynthesis rate,decreased stomatal conductant and elevated water use efficiency of winter wheat at heading and mature stages.Meanwhile,the stomatal width was incrased at heading stage,but stomatal area reduced at mature stage under wintering water + jointing water + flowing water.In addition,wintering water + jointing water + flowing water treatment resulted in the thousand grain weight increased,but the soil N content decresed.(4)Compared wirh the control treatment,fertilizater treatment both increased the net photosyhthesis rate of winter wheat during the growing season,although the increased was nor significant.In ther early growth stage of wheat,reducing the amount of fertization resulted in an increased in photosynthesis rate and soil N content,meanwhile,the sotmatal density,width and area increased at jointing stage.However,in the late growth stage of winter wheat,the combination of more fertilization during sowing stage and less fertilization at jointing stage increased net photostnthesis rate and the thousand grain weight,moreover,the pattern distribution of stomata was more regular,comparing with control treatment.