Effects Of Specific Fertilizer On Yield And Quality Of Astragalus Membranaceus

In this paper,Astragalus membranaceus in Jingle County,Shanxi Province was used as the experimental material.Based on the distribution ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria T₁₆,T₂₁ and NPK fertilizers in the early stage of Astragalus membranaceus,the addition of sodium nitroprusside（SNP）and molybdenum was further studied.The effect of iron on the growth of Astragalus membranaceus provides a theoretical basis for the preparation and application of specific fertilizer for Astragalus.Using 2 years old Astragalus membranaceus as material,set 6 treatments,namely treatment 1（S1）: NPK + T₁₆ + T₂₁ + 297.87 g / hm2 SNP,treatment 2（S2）: NPK + T16 + T21 + 448 g / hm2 SNP,treatment 3（S3）: NPK + T16 + T21 + 744 g /hm2 SNP,treatment 4（S4）: S1+ molybdenum + iron,treatment 5（S5）: S2 + molybdenum + iron,treatment6（S6）: S3 + molybdenum + iron,The effects of adding sodium nitroprusside,molybdenum and iron on the vegetative growth,yield,active ingredient content and soil nutrient status of Astragalus membranaceus were studied.Based on the above-mentioned three-year-old Astragalus membranaceus,the effects of specific fertilizers on the biomass and active constituents of Astragalus membranaceus were studied,and the content of different components in the fertilizer and the number of effective viable cells were tested.The flash extraction process of three main active components of flavonoids,saponins and polysaccharides was optimized by single factor and response surface method,and the optimal process conditions for rapid extraction were determined.The results are as follows:1.The flash extraction conditions of the three main active constituents of Astragalus were that flavonoids:ethanol concentration 85 %,solid-liquid ratio 1:25,extraction time 60 s,extraction voltage 120 V,polysaccharide: ethanol concentration 2.5 %,ratio of material to liquid 1:15,extraction time 105 s,extraction voltage 115 V,saponin: ethanol concentration 70 %,ratio of material to liquid 1:30,extraction time 120 s,extraction voltage 110 V.The yield of flavonoids,polysaccharides and saponins in this process are respectively 0.663 %,0.965 % and 1.126 %.The difference between the predicted and measured values of the regression model is less than 0.05 %.The three regression equations fit well with the actual situation, and the optimization process is reliable.2.Adding molybdenum and iron to the fertilizer can promote the growth of the root part of the underground part of Mongolian sassafras,the accumulation of the main active components,and the absorption of nutrients.The fertilizer without adding molybdenum and iron is focused on promoting the aboveground plants.For growth,the optimum application rate of sodium nitroprusside is 448 g / hm2,and the effect of treatment 5 is best.3.The ratio of solid bacterial fertilizer,stem and leaf green manure,NPK fertilizer,sodium nitroprusside,molybdenum fertilizer and iron fertilizer in the specific fertilizer（powdered）formula of Astragalus membranaceus was 13.60 %,74.34 %,9.96 %,0.041 %,0.014 %,2.039 %,high nutrient content,the content of medium nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in 1 kg of fertilizer is 36.17 g,29.18 g,1.11 g,the effective viable cell count is more than 2×107/g,and the suitable application rate is per mu.73.57 kg.The optimized formula fertilizer had higher growth and active ingredient content of the 3-year-old Mongolian Astragalus membranaceus than the control,which could increase the yield of Astragalus membranaceus by 48.6 Kg per acre;the content of polysaccharide,flavonoids and saponin increased by 14.6 %,11.5 %and 2.3 %,respectively.The economic output of the plant increased by 41.9%,38.1 % and 26.8 %;the optimization effect of the specific fertilizer formula of Astragalus membranaceus was good and could be promoted.