Production Of Laying Hens Functional Feed With Solid State Fermentation Of Corn Meal And Soybean Meal By Monascus Purpureus

In this thesis,we investigated the conditions of solid state fermentation of soybean meal and corn meal by Monascus purpureus,aiming to produce a functional feed suitable for laying hens.At the same time,the fermented feed and red yeast rice were separately fed to the laying hens,and the differences in the performance,egg quality,egg nutrition and the blood biochemical indexes of the Hy-Line Brown laying hens during the laying period were compared.The aim of this work is provide a reference to the application of Monascus fermented feed in laying hens feeding.The main results are as follows（1）The effect of different ratios of corn flour and soybean meal on the solid fermentation of M.purpureus was explored.The results showed that increasing the proportion of corn flour in the solid fermentation matrix was beneficial to the accumulation of monascus pigment.The large accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the fermentation was mostly in the pre-fermentation and the middle fermentation,while the large accumulation of Monascus pigment and lovastatin was in the late fermentation.A comprehensiveanalysis showed that the optimal ratio of corn flour and soybean meal solid fermentation substrate was 3:1.（2）The fermentation conditions of M.purpureus solid-state fermented soybean meal,corn flour and its mixed substrate（corn flour:soybean meal=3:1）were investigated,including inoculum size,water content and fermentation temperature.Monascus pigment and lovastatin production as the main measurement index,soluble sugar and soluble protein production as the auxiliary index.the suitable fermentation conditions for the soybean meal substrate were as follows:inoculum size 20%,feed water ratio 1:1,fermentation temperature 30°C,fermentation time 11 d.The suitable fermentation conditions for corn flour substrate were The inoculation amount is 10%,the feed water ratio is 1:0.6,the fermentation temperature is 25°C,and the fermentation time is 11 days.The suitable fermentation conditions for the mixed substrate are:inoculum 15%,feed water ratio 1:0.8,fermentation temperature 30°C,fermentation time 11 d.（3）In order to enrich the nutrient composition of the fermentation and promote the production of Monascus pigment,the effects of adding glycerin,CaHPO₄ and NaCl on M.purpureus fermented corn flour,soybean meal and its mixed substrate（3:1）were explored.The results showed that the above substances had no obvious promoting or inhibiting effect on the fermentation,but could play the role of providing nutrients..（4）Combine the accumulation of functional ingredients and the palatable characteristics of red yeast fermented feed,the process of using red yeast rice flour as seed liquid to produce functional diet of Monascus was established.Monascus fermented feed is prepared under the following conditions:the fermentation substrate is a mixture of corn flour and soybean meal（3:1）.The red yeast rice flour was activated with a 2%sucrose solution for 2 hours as a seed liquid.The fermentation conditions were as follows:the initial water content of the substrate was 50%,the inoculum amount was 4%,the fermentation time was 3 days,the fermentation temperature was 30°C,and the humidity was controlled at 55%.（5）Monascus fermented feed materials（5%,10%）and red yeast rice flour（1%,2%）were added to the basal diets of laying hens for feeding experiments,the main results are as follows.Production performance of laying hens:Compared with the control group,the addition of red yeast rice to the basal diet reduced the feeding rateand and the egg production rate and the feed-egg ratio,which indicated that the addition of red yeast rice is not conducive to laying hen production.The addition of Monascus fermented feed to the basic diet can increase the egg production rate and reduce the feed-egg ratio,which helps to improve the production performance of the laying hen.Egg nutrition and quality:Adding red yeast rice or Monascus fermented feed to the basic diet can increase the haugh unit value of eggs.Adding 2%or 5%and 10%Monascus fermented materials can reduce the Crude fat content and Cholesterol content in eggs.Blood biochemical indicators of laying hens:Addition of red yeast rice or monascus fermented feed can reduce serum triglycerides and serum cholesterol.In summary,it has been shown that the use of Monascus purpureus as the main functional fermentation strain,solid fermented corn flour and soybean meal mixture to produce functional feed additives for laying hens is feasible and can be used to produce low cholesterol eggs.