| Yicheng County,LinFen City,Shanxi Province,is an exemplary county for the replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer for fruit trees,vegetables and tea trees in the Ministry of Agriculture.From November 2016 to November 2017,this article using“Yicheng apple”as a experiment material aims to study the effect of part of chemical fertilizer replaced by bio-organic fertilizer on the growth index,apple quality factor,yield,soil physical and chemical properties,and economic benefit of apple tree.The specific findings are as follows:1.When only a sufficient amount of bio-organic fertilizer is used,The area of the blade is the smallest,which is 3076.64 mm~2.With the increase of chemical fertilizer application,The area of the blade tends to increase,and when 40%of the quantified fertilizer is applied,The area of the blade was higher than that of the group that applied fertilizer alone.There was no significant difference in the chlorophyll content between the groups when biofertilizer was applied.However,the chlorophyll content in the T1-T6 group was higher than that in the T7 group,showing a significant difference.The content of chlorophyll of the T7 apple tree leaves was 1.91 mg/g,and the chlorophyll content in other groups was more than 2.16 mg/g.After the application of a sufficient amount of artificial fertilizer to the apple trees,the bio-organic fertilizer adding,the new branches of apple tree increases to 6.97 cm in length;when the amount of bio-organic fertilizer is reduced by 60%,the length of new branches increased 4.44cm in length,which added by 13.7%,compared with the T7 group which only were applied with chemical fertilizers.The indicator including length-width ratio,dry weight,fresh weight,carotenoid content,and diameter of new fruit branches were not significantly related with fertilizer application.2.There was no significant difference in the number of apples on the sole trees between the experimental groups,but there was a significant difference among the experimental groups in terms of the excellent fruit rate.The excellent fruit rate of the T1 group,the T2group,and the T3 group was all more than 88.15%,which was significantly higher than86.60%of the T7 group.In the case of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer application,even if the chemical fertilizer application amount is reduced by 60%,these indicators including the fruit weight,unit yield,and weight percentage of the excellent fruit are higher than the one which only chemical fertilizer is applied.Apply a sufficient amount of chemical fertilizer then continue to apply 40%of bio-organic fertilizer,the single fruit weight was 9.27g and 4.44%higher than that of the group that only applied quantified fertilizer;the yield per 667m~2was higher than that of the group that only applied quantified fertilizer.392.42kg,an increase of 5.25%;is also 1.99 percentage points higher than the group that only applied the quantitative fertilizer,an increase of 2.28%.3.In the test group with fertilizer applied to the base fertilizer,the ratio of sugar and acid in apple was the lowest,which was 18.11,but the application of sufficient amount of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the application as base fertilizer in the orchard can increase the ratio of sugar to acid of apple,and the ratio of sugar to acid with fertilizer application.The decrease in the amount of use increased,and when the base fertilizer was applied only with bio-organic fertilizer,the ratio of apple to sugar reached the maximum,which was 22.49.A sufficient amount of bio-organic fertilizer was used in the test group,and the fruit vitamin C content was above 3.5 mg/100 g.In contrast to the application of bio-organic fertilizer,only the vitamin C content of the T7 group was 2.9 mg/100 g.In the fruit shape index,the maximum fruit shape index was 0.93 in the T7 group with sufficient quantification fertilizer.The fruit shape index showed a trend of decreasing trend,but there was no significant difference in the T1 group to the T6 group.The indexes including Fruit soluble sugar,titratable acid,and hardness have no obvious relationship with fertilization methods.4.According to the measurement data of soil samples in 2016 and 2017,applying 1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the orchard each year can increase the content of organic matter in the soil.From the T1 group to the T6 group,the organic matter content after the test was the lowest in the T4 group,which was 1.90%,and the organic matter content was increased by 4.1%.In the T7 group only with the chemical fertilizer,the organic matter content in the soil was 1.79%,reduction of organic matter content by 2.07%.When combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,the application amount of chemical fertilizers was reduced by 40%,and the content of available nitrogen and available phosphorous in soil was not reduced compared with that of soil samples in the previous year.when the application of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is combined,the application amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced by 60%,the available potassium content in soil is not reduced compared with the soil sample measurement data in the previous year,and the T6group with the lowest available potassium content in the soil after the experiment.The content also reached to 198.75 mg/kg.5.The highest production cost during the trial was T1 group,which was calculated as6324.01￥per 667m~2,and the lowest was T7 group,which costs 4110.94￥per 667m~2.From T1 group to T7 group,the orchard production cost gradually decreased.The largest total output value in the orchard was in the T1 group.There was no significant difference in the total output value between the T1 group and the T3 group,but the total output value of the T7group was only higher than that of the T5 and T6 groups.The highest net profit per acre was T2 group,which reached 28167.31￥.T2 group net profit per acre was only 12.69￥higher than T4 group net profit.There was no significant difference in net profit per acre between the two groups. |
