Effects Of Nitrogen Application On Nitrogen Accumulation And Grain Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat

The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of the Agricultural College of Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu County,Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province from 2016 to 2017.The tested variety was strong gluten wheat CA0547,and two kinds of nitrogen fertilizer operation experiments were set up.（1）Nitrogen fertilizer migration test: Under the condition of nitrogen（150 kg/hm²）during the whole growth period of wheat,set 7 topdressing periods and proportions（10:0:0,7:3:0,7:2:1,6:4:0,6:2:2,5:5:0,5:3:2）,with all base treatments（10:0:0）as controls.（2）Two-factor cleavage zone test of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen application rate: three kinds of nitrogen fertilizers: nitrate nitrogen fertilizer（NO₃^--N）,ammonium nitrogen fertilizer（NH₄⁺-N）and amide nitrogen fertilizer（CONH2-N）In the area,the nitrogen application rate of low nitrogen（75 kg/hm²）,medium nitrogen（150 kg/hm²）and high nitrogen（225 kg/hm²）was used as the sub-area to study the nitrogen-picking period,nitrogen-seeding ratio,different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen application.The effects of the amount on the growth and development,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen metabolism and yield and quality of winter wheat were explored,and a reasonable nitrogen fertilizer operation model suitable for the region was explored to provide a theoretical basis for reducing nitrogen pollution in farmland.（1）compared with all base treatment,nitrogen（one-way）were significantly increased the plant height of wheat jointing stage and booting stage and mature stage,improved the jointing stage of leaf area index and leaf number per,increases the amount of dry matter accumulation after jointing stage,basal: fat: jointing stage and booting fertilizer for 6:4:0 when is good for the growth and development of wheat and reasonable construction group.（2）under the condition of nitrogen,the nitrogen chase treatment increased the yield by significantly increasing the number of ears and grains per ear,increased the nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen production efficiency,grain alcohol soluble protein,gluten,total protein,wet gluten content,gluten index and starch content,improved the ratio of grain alcohol and direct/branch ratio,and improved the grain quality.One application at jointing stage was better than two application at jointing stage and booting stage.（3）under the same form of nitrogen fertilizer,the nitrogen accumulation amount,grain yield and harvest index of wheat at all stages reached the maximum value at medium nitrogen（150 kg/hm²）,and the treatment with medium nitrogen（150 kg/hm²）could significantly increase the amount of nitrogen transshipment before and after anthesis,so as to improve the grain nitrogen content.Biological yield,protein content in grains（except for alcohol soluble protein）,protein content,wet gluten content,gluten index,total starch,amylose,amylopectin,soluble sugar and sucrose content all increased with the increase of nitrogen application.（4）under the same nitrogen application rate,the plant nitrogen content,biological yield and grain yield of wheat treated with nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and amide nitrogen fertilizer were significantly higher than those treated with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in each period（P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference in the treatment of grain yield between nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and amide nitrogen fertilizer（except the low nitrogen level）.The quality of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer treatment was the worst,and that of amide nitrogen fertilizer treatment was more beneficial to increase protein and starch content,improve grain quality,and the nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency of amide nitrogen fertilizer treatment were the highest.In a word,amido nitrogen fertilizer is a kind of nitrogen fertilizer suitable for this area.The combination of amido nitrogen fertilizer with low nitrogen（150 kg/hm²）can significantly improve the yield and grain nitrogen content of strong gluten wheat,and the combination with high nitrogen（225 kg/hm²）can significantly improve the quality of strong gluten wheat.In the actual wheat production,nitrogen fertilizer should be rationally managed according to the requirements of yield and quality.Basal fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: the best fertilization method of 6:4:0 for booting ear fertilizer can reduce nitrogen pollution in farmland while giving consideration to both yield and quality.