| Fruit boring insects are notorious insect pests in orchards and cause tremendous economic losses to fruit farmers.Insecticides spraying are the common tactic to control those pests.However,a large number of frequent use of pesticides have evolved a series of other problems."Bionic control" is a kind of pest control technology that uses artificial insect sex pheromones to interfere with mating,and is characterized by high quality,high efficiency and ecological safety.Bionic control can significantly improve the economical,social,and ecological benefits of fruit growers when it is used to prevent and control fruit borers.Flat peach industries in Fukang,Xinjiang Province,together with Tianchi and Wangmu,have become the pillar industry of modern ecological agriculture and cultural tourism in Fukang.The development of high quality flat peach orchards in Fukang is the common concern of the government and enterprises.In2016-2018,our research team conducted research,demonstration and promotion of "bionic safe management of fruit boring pests in flat peach gardens" in Fukang city.Field evaluation of the effectiveness of pest monitoring technology and mating disruption control technology on major insect pests was carried out.We also systematically instigated the composition and diversity of insect community in 2-year and15-year peach trees orchards.The results were listed below:(1)The monitoring technology demonstration was carried out in the orchards with 15 and 2 years old peach trees.Pests that were found in the orchards were: Grapholita molesta(Busck),Grapholita funebrana Treitscheke,Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura,Cydia pomonella(L).Among them,the quantity of G.molesta and G.funebrana were abundant.There were a lot of L.ringoniella.The quantity of the quarantine borer C.pomonella is small.The occurrence amount of these four pests was different between 15 years old and two years old peach trees orchard.The amount of G.molesta and G.funebrana in 15 years old peach trees orchard was 1.24 times and 1.12 times more than that in 2 years old peach tree orchard,respectively.(2)In the peach garden of the "wang mu",the mating disruption technology of controlling G.molesta and C.pomonella was demonstrated by using mating disruption string and mating disruption bottle.In thecontrol area,the trapping amount of G.molesta and C.pomonella was 48.5±3.2 and 4.25±1.3,respectively.The trapping amount of G.molesta in mating disruption string demonstration area was 0.25±0.2.No C.pomonella was trapped in mating disruption string demonstration area.No G.molesta was trapped in mating disruption bottle demonstration area.Our results demonstrated that mating disruption technology was an effective strategy to control fruit boring insects.(3)In the "monitoring area",different concentrations of food attractant solution were used to lure G.molesta.The catch number of G.molesta with original food attractant solution and diluted 10 times solution was 11.5±2.8 and 24.5±5.3,respectively.The catch number of G.molesta by sex phermone was51±3.The results showed that the control efficiency of food attractant solution was worse than that of sex pheromone.In the "mating disruption zone",The catch number of G.molesta with original food attractant solution and diluted 10 times solution was 1±0.4 and 3±1.4,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two dosage forms.(4)The characteristics and diversity of insect community structure in 15 years and two years peach trees orchards were investigated by sweeping net and hanging yellow boards.It was found that the richness index,diversity index,evenness index and dominance index of the insect community fluctuated with time.The insect diversity index in late June was higher than that in July and August.There was no significant difference in insect species diversity between 2 and 15 years.(5)During the project demonstration and promotion periods,publicity boards were made to publicize the demonstrated technology.Our research faculties also explained the demonstrated technology to the farmers in the orchards and the surrounding areas.The demonstration and promotion has brought the mating disruption technology into Fukang city.This technology just controls the targeted pests and does not directly contact the fruits and has no insectcide resistance.It can improve the quality of agricultural products,economic benefits,and protect the ecological environment,and help farmers to produce organic,green and pollution-free food.At the same time,in view of the problems found during the demonstration and promotion periods,the following suggestions are proposed: trees mixed planting such as peach and pear trees,apple and pear trees,need to set up isolation zone.Food attractant solution volatilizes quickly and attracts many hover flies,so traps with light shading and small openings should be used to maintain food attractant solution.In demonstration area,the flat peach planting farmers,who are lack of knowledge of environmental friendly pest control technology,need to carry out targeted learning. |
