Effect Of Different Fertilization Methods On Soil Potassium Availability And Yield And Quality Of Tomato

Potassium is one of the three major nutrients necessary for crop growth and directly or indirectly participates in a series of biochemical reactions and major growth processes carried out in the plant.Soil is the main source of potassium nutrition in the process of plant growth and development,which is closely related to the ability to supply potassium of the soil and whether the plant can obtain enough potassium to maintain the normal growth of the plant.This study is based on the 29-year long-term fertilization experiment,the tomato variety of?Golden Delicious No.8‘is selected as the test material and 8 treatments were selected:BN₀,AN₀,BK,AK,BNK,BPK,BNPK,and ANPK?B means no organic fertilizer,A means organic fertilizer,N,P and K is nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers respectively?.Analyze the effects of different fertilization methods conditions on the contents of different forms of potassium in soil,the total potassium content in tomato roots,stems,leaves and fruits,tomato yield and quality,to explore the effect of different fertilization methods on soil potassium.The relationship between potassium release and transformation of different forms under different fertilization methods conditions,crop absorption and utilization,and the relationship between yield and quality of tomato are preliminarily clarified to provide theoretical and data support for scientific and reasonable fertilization.The main results of the experiment are as follows:1.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,the application of organic fertilizer with K fertilizer can significantly increase the content of soil water-soluble potassium,non-specific adsorption potassium,special adsorption potassium,available potassium,and non-exchangeable potassium by 32.81,7.91,5.73,6.76,0.87,respectively.The application of organic fertilizer with N,P and K fertilizer takes second place.On the contrary,single application of organic fertilizer,organic fertilizer and K fertilizer,organic fertilizer and N,P,K fertilizer can significantly reduce the content of soil mineral potassium.Among the treatments of inorganic fertilizers,single application of K fertilizer and P,K fertilizer can both significantly increase the content of available potassium and non-exchangeable potassium.Single application of K fertilizer significantly increases the content of mineral potassium and soil total potassium,which is increased by 5.17%and 7.57%compared with the non-fertilizer treatment.2.The application of organic fertilizer with N,P and K can significantly increase the content of potassium in tomato roots,which is increased by 75.49%compared with no fertilizer treatment;the application of organic fertilizer combined with K fertilizer,N and K fertilizers,and organic fertilizer combined with N,P and K fertilizers can significantly increase the potassium content of tomato stems,which is increased by 48.29%,22.83%and 20.96%,respectively compared with no fertilizer application;the application of organic fertilizer with K fertilizer,organic fertilizer with N,P,K fertilizer,and K fertilizer alone can significantly increase the content of potassium in tomato leaves,which is increased by 200.63%,187.82%and 180.25%,respectively,compared with no fertilizer treatment;single application of K fertilizer,organic fertilizer with K fertilizer,organic fertilizer with N,P,K fertilizer,P and K combined application can significantly increase the potassium content of tomato fruit compared with no fertilizer treatment,which is increased by 62.52%,62.27%,62.27%,56.43%.From the ratio of potassium content to total potassium in tomato root,stem,leaf,and fruit organs,the order is:fruit>leaf>stem>root.3.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,the combination of organic fertilizers with N,P and K fertilizers significantly increases the yield of tomato,and the yield is increased by 51.21%,reaching 22.42kg/plot.The next is organic fertilizer with K fertilizer,single organic fertilizer,and N,P and K fertilizers,which is increased by 43.59%,38.33%,and 35.29%,respectively.The application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the fruit weight of tomato fruits.4.The application of organic fertilizer combined with K fertilizer can significantly increase the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein and vitamin C in tomato fruit,which is increased by 79.38%,35.14%and 36.82%,respectively,compared with no fertilizer treatment.The application of organic fertilizer with N,P and K fertilizer significantly increases the content of soluble sugar,reducing sugar and soluble protein in tomato fruits,which is increased by 75.63%,38.06%and 30.54%,respectively,compared with no fertilizer treatment.The application of N,P and K fertilizer can also significantly increase the vitamin C content in tomato fruits.On the contrary,the combination of organic fertilizer with N,P,K fertilizer,organic fertilizer with K fertilizer can significantly reduce the organic acid content in tomato fruits,which is reduced by 46.43%and 28.57%compared with no fertilizer treatment,respectively.The application of organic fertilizer and N,P,K fertilizer can effectively increase the sugar-acid ratio of tomato fruits and improve the quality and flavor of tomato fruits.5.Within a certain range,with the increase of water-soluble potassium,non-specific adsorption potassium,special adsorption potassium,available potassium,and non-exchangeable potassium in the soil,the total potassium content of the root,stem,leaves,and fruit organs of the plant increases;soil total potassium and mineral potassium content have little effect on the total potassium content of various organs.With the increase of water-soluble potassium,non-specific potassium,special potassium,available potassium and non-exchangeable potassium in the soil,soluble sugar,soluble protein,vitamin C of tomato fruit and the yield of tomato also increases;organic acid content reduces;there is a little effect on reducing sugar content in tomato fruit.With the increase of the content of mineral potassium in soil,the content of organic acid increases;soluble sugar,soluble protein in tomato fruit and the yield of tomato decreases;and the effect on the content of reducing sugar and vitamin C in tomato fruit is not significant.The total potassium content in soil has little effect on tomato yield and quality.