Yield Traits Comparative Analysis Of Authorized Varieties Of Spring Wheat And Ningchun No.4 In Irrigation District Of Ningxia

The irrigation district of Ningxia is one of the main areas with high-yield spring wheat in northwest China.The cultivated spring wheat varieties are favourable and enjoy a strong reputation.The varieties have wide adaptability and high yielding ability.More than 300thousand hectares of Ningchun No.4 are planted in the spring wheat area each year,accounting for around 29%of the total spring wheat planting area in northwest China.Therefore,the irrigation district of Ningxia plays a significant role in northwestern spring wheat planting areas and even the whole nation.This paper has compared the spring wheat varieties in recent ten years and Ningchun No.4.The variation trend of their growth periods,plant type structures,disease resistance,yield and yield components are analyzed.The results are useful to guide the wheat breeding in irrigation district of Ningxia.They are shown as follows:1.In terms of seedling traits,leaf colour,leaf shape,leaf postureseemed,auricle,plant type,plant height,panicle type,awn type,awn color,shell color and etc.,the cultivated varieties have no obvious changes compared with the Ningchun No.4.The plant type of the wheat in Ningxia irrigation area has the height of 80-95cm,compact plant type,spindle ear,long awn and moderate flag leaf.2.The growth period of the cultivated wheat varieties is between 95 days and 98 days.They become mature between July 5 and July 8.Compared with Ningchun No.4,their heading period is 2 to 3 days in advance and the growth period is also 2 to 3 days in advance.The growth process shows the trend of shortening.3.The leaf area index(LAI)of the cultivated wheat varieties gradually increases with the growing process.At booting stage,it reaches the maximum of 11.00.Compared with Ningchun No.4,it shows the trend of increasing.4.The level of cultivated wheat varieties'stripe rust resistance and powdery mildew resistance has improved with moderate resistance in the field.The leaf disease severity has reduced.Compared with Ningchun No.4,the resistance to wheat yellow dwarf and Fusarium head blight(FHB)hasn't improved significantly.5.The tillering ability of the cultivated wheat varieties is lower than that of Ningchun No.4.Although the ear-bearing percentage has enhanced,the harvested panicles haven't increased greatly.The main spike is remarkably larger than that of Ningchun No.4.The ear length has increased by 0.1cm.The spikelet number has increased by 2.3.The fertilized spikelet number has increased by 4.5.The kernel number per spike has increased by 4.9 and the panicle weight has increased by 0.2 g.6.The yields of the cultivated wheat varieties show an increasing trend with an average yield increase of 696.4kg/hm~2.The primary factor is the increase in number of grains per spike.The 1 000-grain weight is 44.4g on average.There is no a regular change,and there are wheat varieties with higher or lower 1 000-grain weight than that of Ningchun No.4.There is no obvious increase in harvested panicles,and even decline in harvested panicles will occur.The average yield is 6 124 000/hm~2.