Soil And Water Conservation Measures On Soil Physical And Chemical Properties

The rainfall in the western Liaoning is more concentrated and the vegetation coverage on the hills is low,which has caused the serious soil erosion situation in the western part of Liaoning,which has brought about a certain impact on local production and life.The selection of water and soil remediation measures suitable for local conditions and agricultural development has become an important topic currently facing.In this paper,the small watershed of Nianpangou in Xingcheng City was selected as the research object.Four types of water and soil conservation measures were selected from the Forest forsoil an water conservation,Sloping land,Terraced fields,and Closure sites.The 0-20 cm soil layers from the upper,middle,and lower slopes of the plot were selected respectively.Soil samples taken from 20-40 cm soil layers,soil bulk density,porosity,microaggregate composition,organic matter content,total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium,available potassium,and soil The pH was measured,The changes of soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed,and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were analyzed.The principal component method was used to compare and analyze the differences.Soil and water conservation measures Soil comprehensive fertility,reached the following conclusions:(1)The physical and chemical properties of the soil in the 0-20 cm soil layer are better than those in the 20-40 cm soil layer,indicating that the soil quality decreases as the soil depth increases.The physicochemical properties of soil below the slope are better than those in the slope and on the slope.(2)Because there is no human disturbance in the forest land,the litter layer produces a large amount of humus under the decomposition of microorganisms,which promotes the cementation of the soil.Therefore,the micro-structure of the forest land is optimal,the fractal dimension is the smallest,and the soil structure is the most stable.At the same time,the content of organic matter and chemical nutrients is higher than that of other soil and water conservation measures,and the soil pH is the lowest.As the banned land has protected the original ecology of surface soil to the utmost extent,the physical and chemical indicators have been better than water and forest protection,and experimental data have been supported.(3)Artificial tillage mechanically loosens the topsoil to the maximum extent,but artificial cultivation also destroys the original structure of the aggregates in the soil and increases the content of fine particles in the soil.Therefore,the physical properties of cultivated land for soil improvement are inferior to woodland.At the same time,artificial arable land is supplemented with appropriate amounts of fertilizer according to production needs,which ensures the content of organic matter and various chemical nutrient elements in the soil,and at the same time effectively regulates the pH value of the soil.Therefore,the artificial arable land has a certain improvement effect on soil chemical properties.The consumption of organic matter and chemical elements in soil by crops makes the physical and chemical properties of cultivated land second only to forest land.The terraces have improved the physical structure of the soil better than the slope land due to the change of land type and effective control of soil erosion.(4)Through the principal component analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil,the final soil fertility scores obtained after different soil and water measures were improved.According to the order of magnitude,it can be seen that the closed land> water and forest> terraces> slope farmland> bare land.The final conclusion was reached through analysis that the physical properties of the soil in the closed area were more stable and the soil contained more abundant chemical nutrients,followed by water and forest protection.The terraced soil and soil improvement effects were weaker than the forest land.From the economic point of view,the improvement of the ecological environment should be organically combined with agricultural production to promote local economic development.Therefore,the cultivation of economic fruit trees should be vigorously developed according to local conditions.Slope farmland should gradually be changed to terraced fields to effectively intercept soil erosion and accumulate soil.Nutrients improve soil quality.Only by fully adjusting the land structure and increasing the utilization of land resources can we improve the ecological effects while promoting the development of agricultural production,and put forward measures for soil and water conservation suitable to local conditions.