Gene Expression Characteristics And Functions Of Mule Parents

Heterosis refers to two parents who have genetic differences,and their traits such as growth,reproduction and resistance are better than parents.The utilization of heterosis can greatly improve animal production performance,physiological function,immunity and so on,improve plant yield,quality,increase resistance and so on.Therefore,it is an urgent problem to solve the genetic mechanism of heterosis.mule is one of the ideal models to reveal the heterosis of parental gene expression differences.In this study,the bladder,brain,heart,kidney,lung,muscle,testis,liver,lymph and spleen of hinny and mule were used in a total of 20 tissues of the transcriptome data analysis of the characteristic of gene expression and function.The main results are as follows:1.According to the sequence alignment analysis,the sequence of the mule is biased towards the maternal genome;The total alignment rate showed that the donkey genome(D)was more advantageous than the horse genome(H).The number of transcripts expressed by mules was analyzed,and the number of specific transcripts expressed by the maternal was more numerous.In the transcript of the co-expression of the mule and hinny,it is found that the number of D is more than H,that is,D presents an advantage over H.The results showed that the sequence and transcript of the maternal genome were closely related to the formation of heterosis.2.The enrichment of gene function analysis found that mule specific expression of genes involved in central nervous regulation of biological processes,and hinny specificity expressed genes mainly involved in the immune response and mitochondrial oxidative energy related pathways.Through the analysis of methylase related genes,it was found that compared with H,D may be more important to the formation of mule methylated enzymes.3.By counting the number of allele expressions,it was found that the mule was more likely to express the allele of the maternal genome.In both the hinny and the mules,there is an allele of ref/ alt,which is more than H,which means that D has the advantage of expression compared with H.When its function of enrichment,found that the horse for maternal genes involved in regulation of genetic material,the horse for paternal genes involved in immune and muscle formation,or H function and role in mule and hinny exist significant differences.The results indicated that alleles expressed in maternal genome may play an important role in the formation of heterosis.4.Hinny to participate in the fusion gene,and its associated with muscle protein,fiber and immune function,mule in fusion gene,its function related to the production capacity and the formation of striated muscle,hinny and mule fusion genes exist significant differences.5.The liver and spleen of the hinny is significantly different from other tissues in sequence alignment,gene expression,allele expression and gene fusion.