Effects Of Layered Fertilization On Root Growth Of Summer Maize And The Corresponding Physical And Biochemical Properties Of Soil

Hebei province is one of the important summer corn producing areas in China,which is of great significance in ensuring regional food security.Corn production mainly adopts winter wheat and summer maize a year two cooked cropping system,corn season with sowing seed manure no-till seeding method,the existence of fertilizing the area is not reasonable,excessive nitrogen fertilization,water and nutrient use efficiency is low,influence the sustainable development of the area of corn production.Therefore,it is the fundamental way for maize development in this region to insist on reducing nitrogen,high yield and high efficiency.In order to clarify the effect of layered fertilization on the growth development and soil physical and chemical properties of summer maize root system in hebei province,this study was conducted at the xinji experimental station of hebei agricultural university in2017.In order to supply the test materials,we set up 4 treatments:SFN3:(surface pure N45 kg/hm~2+base cast N165kg/hm~2);SFN5:(surface application of pure N 75 kg/hm~2+base of pure N 135 kg/hm~2);SFN7:(surface application of pure N105kg/hm~2+base of pure N105kg/hm~2)was used to control 4 treatments of conventional fertilization(CK).By measuring soil physical and chemical characters,root morphology and yield,the regulation effect of layered fertilization on the growth and development of maize root system and soil physical and chemical properties was studied.The main research results show that:1.Different fertilization methods on soil bulk density,soil no3--n content,the influence of soil enzyme activity varied,SFN treatment reduced the 0~20 cm and 20-40cm soil bulk density,SFN5 processing under 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil bulk density was significantly lower than other three treatment;SFN5 and SFN7 treatment reduced the soil nitrate nitrogen content of 0-20cm,20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layer,with the maximum decrease of nitrate nitrogen content in 0-20 surface soil.SFN5 and SFN7 treatment increased soil urease(UE),soil acid phosphatase(ALP)and catalase(CAT)activity in soil layers.2.Different fertilization methods on root length,root surface area,root volume,root average diameter and root dry weight difference is bigger,the influence of different processing in 20 cm below the main differences between the soil,stage,difference is more significant.After spinning,SFN5 and SFN7 treatment increased the 0~20 cm soil layer of root length,root surface area,root volume,root average diameter and root dry weight,SFN5 and SFN7 treatment,respectively,compared with the conventional fertilization treatment(CK)were 9.52%and 3.13%higher;9.94%and 21.37%;34.78%,18.28%;28.85%,17.96%;23.51%,30.01%.3.Different fertilization methods affected dry matter weight,dry matter distribution,yield and yield components before and after maturity.Compared with conventional fertilization(CK),stratified fertilization(SFN3,SFN5 and SFN7)increased the weight of dry matter by 5.78%,13.53%and 11.01%at mature stage respectively.The amount of dry matter accumulation after SFN3,SFN5 and SFN7 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK.The highest grain yield of SFN5 was 12145kg/hm2,which was 7.52%,3.26%and 5.98%higher than those of the other three treatments,and the number of spike grains in SFN5 treatment was 7.52%,3.26%and 5.98%higher than the other three treatments,which was significantly higher than the other 3 treatments.4.Different fertilization methods affected the water and fertilizer use efficiency of maize.The total water consumption of conventional fertilization(CK)was significantly higher than that of stratified fertilization(SFN3 and SFN7),but there was no significant difference between irrigation water,precipitation and soil water consumption.The level of soil water storage(SFN3,SFN5 and SFN7)2m was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization(CK).SFN5 has the highest water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity.SFN5 has a water use efficiency of 2.22kg/mm and a partial Nitrogen productivity of 57.83 kg/kg.The partial productivity of P2O5 and K2O in maize field treated by SFN5 was also significantly higher than that in other treatments.In a comprehensive view,SFN5 treatment obtained higher yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer production capacity under the premise of consuming the least amount of water,which reflected the better utilization effect of resources.