The Adaptation Of Phenacoccus Solenopsis Tinsley Through Host Shift

Cotton mealy bug(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)is one of the most important invasive mealy bugs in the world.These bugs can rapidly damage a wide range of hosts,which cause numerous threats to crops in Malvaceae,Solanaceae and ornamental plants.To evaluate the adaptive abilities of cotton mealy bug to cotton,tobacco,lantana and hollyhock,we tested some biology parameters of cotton mealy bug in these host plants.Then we observed the biology performances of cotton mealy bug over three generations on lantana that was chosen to be the bridge host.The last,we migrated the mealy bugs back to their initial host to record their recover capacities.Meanwhile,samples of cotton mealy bugs on two different host plants(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,lantana)were sent to sequenced the 16 Sr DNA amplify sequences by Illumina MiSeq techniques.1.The adaptive capacities of 4 kinds of cotton mealy bugs on different initial host plantsCotton mealy bugs on different host plants showed significant differences.The body length of mealy bugs on tobacco significantly longer than other plants in this experiment.The larva developmental period,reproduction and larva survival rate were also significantly shorter,higher and higher than others,respectively.Cotton mealy bugs on lantana had the shortest bod y length.Their first.Second and third larva developmental period were significantly longer than others,while pupal stage show no differences.The production and larva survival rate were the lowest in all host plants.Additionally,Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,cotton,hollyhock were quite same on mealy bugs' biology performance.2.The adaptation of cotton mealy bugs on the bridge host lantanaWe continued to feed cotton mealy bugs on lantana for 3 generations and record the biology performance.The results are as follows.the second generation had a shorter larva developmental period than the first one while the third generation and the second generation had no significant differences between each other.egg number per female and larva survival rate showed no statist ical differences either.These results indicate that cotton mealy bugs can stabilize their biology performance at the second generation and improve by the next generation.3.The adaptation of cotton mealy bugs after transmit back to cotton and Hibiscusrosa-sinensisWhen we transmit the cotton mealy bugs back to their initial host,we found no adaptation changes on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.the larva developmental period,larva survival rate and egg production per female of cotton mealy bugs had no differences whatever host shift or not.But the biology performance on cotton indicate that when we transmit mealy bugs back to cotton,the second generation shortened their larva developmental period compared to the generation before host shift.Cotton mealy bugs may improve their adaptation after encounter a bridge host lantana.4.The microbial diversity analyze of female adults of cotton mealy bug on cotton and lantanaWe extracted the metagenome of female adult cotton mealy bugs on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and lantana,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA amplify sequences by Illumina MiSeq.The amount of bacteria in cotton mealy bugs on lantana was more than Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.Shannon-Weiner index of two host had no differences,however,PCA(principal component a nalysis)indicated that these two samples are not the same.The bacteria of two host belongs to different familys.The relative abundance of Rhodanobacter in cotton mealy bugs on lantana was found significantly greater than Hibiscus rosa-sinensis by metastat analyze.Moreover,we analyzed all the samples.Common dominant bacteria based on phyla were Proteobacteria(99.39%),Actinobacteria(0.20%),Firmicutes(0.15%).When we separated the bacteria into class,Betaproteobacteria accounted for 97.94%,Gammaproteobacteria accounted for 1.09%,Alphaproteobacteria accounted for 0.22%,Actinobacteria accounted for 0.06%,Rubrobacteria accounted for 0.14%.