Study On The Harm And Residue Of Glyphosate To Grape

Grape is one of the fruits that people like in daily life.The rapid development of society economy has higher and higher demand for grape yield and quality,but grape cultivation is not only threatened by pests and diseases,but also faces competition with weeds.In order to prevent weeds in the vineyard,people use herbicides and have achieved good results.With the application of pesticides,application techniques and the herbicide drift phenomenon,the effects of herbicides on the yield and quality of grapes and the residue in the soil have emerged.The pot experiment was used to observe the symptoms of grape phytotoxicity after spraying glyphosate on foliage and determine its photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indicators.The photosynthetic characteristics,physiological indices and the changes of residues of glyphosate at different time after soil residual glyphosate were determined.The residual amount of glyphosate in the soil and fruit of vineyard in the vineyard.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of herbicides in the vineyard.The specific findings are as follows:1.After the leaves were sprayed for 10 days,the leaves of the grapes of treatment 4?1:100?and treatment 5?1:80?showed phytotoxicity symptoms that curling,chlorosis,yellowing,thining,withered,zooming,while other concentration treatment phytotoxicity symptoms were not obvious.2.The grape leaves were treated with different dilution ratio of glyphosate.The chlorophyll content of grape leaves was measured on the3rd,6th,9th,and 14th days after treatments,Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured on the 14th day.With the prolongation of glyphosate treatment time,in the leaves of the Frey and Merlot of grapeschlorophyll a contents decreased at first and then increased at treatment 1?1:160?,treatment 2?1:140?,treatment 3?1:120?and the treatment at treatment4?1:100?and treatment 5?1:80?continued to decrease;the change trend of total chlorophyll content in leaves of two grape varieties is the same as that of chlorophyll a content.leaves of the Frey and Merlot grapes photosynthetic rate?Pn?,stomatic conductance?Gs?,transpiration rate?Tr?,water use efficiency?WUE?,maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem??Fv/Fm?,actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem?(?_PS?),PS?potential activity?Fv/Fo?,photochemical quenching?qP?decreased as concentration of glyphosate increaed;But intercellular CO₂ concentration?Ci?non-photochemical quenching?qN?increased as concentration of glyphosate increased.3.SOD activity,POD activity,CAT activity,MDA content and soluble protein content in grape leaves were measured after spraying glyphosate on the leaves.With the prolongation of glyphosate treatment time,The activities of SOD in the leaves of Frey and Merlot grape treated with treatment 1?1:160?,treatment 2?1:140?and treatment 3?1:120?continued to increase,and there was no difference between the final and the control,the grape with treatment 4?1:100?and treatment 5?1:80?is treated,the activities of SOD in leaves showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.In Frey,the activity of POD decreased at first and then increased at treatment 1?1:160?,treatment 2?1:140?,and the treatment at treatment 4?1:100?and treatment 5?1:80?continued to decrease.The POD activity of the leaves of Merlot with treatment 1?1:160?,treatment 2?1:140?and treatment 3?1:120?grape was always increased,the POD activity of the leaves with treatment 4?1:100?and treatment 5?1:80?increased first and then decreased;the CAT activity in the leaves of Frey and Merlot treated at treatment 1,treatment 2 increased first and then decreased and then increased.The treatment 3?1:120?treatment 4?1:100?and treatment 5?1:80?first increased and then decreased.The soluble protein concentration in the leaves of the Frey and Merlot first increased and then decreased,but the soluble protein in the leaves after glyphosate treatment was higher than the control;the MDA content in the leaves of both varieties of grapes was continuously increased.4.SOD activity,POD activity,CAT activity,MDA content,soluble protein content,proline content and soluble sugar content in the leaves of Frey Melots were determined after the residual glyphosate was treated.As the treatment time of glyphosate prolonged,SOD activity increased first and then decreased.Glyphosate-treated grape leaves show little change in POD activity;.The CAT activity in leaves treated withtreatment 1?1:160?,treatment 2?1:140?increased all the time,the activities of CAT in leaves treated with glyphosate increased first and then decreased in other concentrations,but the change was not significant;The soluble protein content in leaves of grape varieties in Frey increased,while Melot decreased first and then increased;MDA content increased first and then decreased,the change trend was not obvious.The content of proline and soluble sugar increased as concentration of glyphosate increased,and the treatment with treatment 3?1:120?treatment 4?1:100?and treatment 5?1:80?had significant differences with the control.5.Through pot experiments,it was clarified that the residual amount of glyphosate in the soil increased with its concentration,and the residual amount increased.As the processing time prolonged,the residual amount decreased.6.Through the determination of glyphosate in the soil and fruit of the vineyard,it was found that glyphosate was contained in the soil and fruit in the vineyard where glyphosate was used all year round.Conclusion:The herbicide glyphosate was a stress to the photosynthetic and physiological parameters of the grape.After spraying the glyphosate,Causes injury to grapes and affect the photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indexes of grapes under certain concentration,negative impact on grapes.The residual glyphosate in the soil also affected the physiological indicators of grapes.The annual use of glyphosate in vineyards has residues in soil and fruit.Therefore,Need us to scientifically use drugs in production.