| In order to evaluate the net global warming potential of vineyards under different water and fertilizer managements in Changli,hebei province,Static chamber-gas chromatograph technique was used to observed the N2O and CH4 emissions,whats more,soil respiration machine LI-8100 was used to observed the CO2 emission,find out the effect of water and fertilizer managements on the yield and quality of wine grape”Cabernet Sauvignon”and fresh grape”Red Global”,as well as greenhouse gas emissions,through calculating the equivalent CO2 emission of agricultural inputs,pinpoint the net global warming potential of vineyards,further analysis the main control factors of net greenhouse gas emissions and the net global warming potential,and come up with mitigation measures,and provide theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of the region's vineyards.The results were summarized as follows:?1?The optimized management improved the yield of grapes significantly.The production of wine grape increased by 8.27%and 12.53%respectively in 2016 and 2017,while the fresh grape increased by 3.21%and 18.46%respectively.The grape's qualities was significantly improved,the wine grape,the hundred-grain weight,Vc content,and sugar acid ratio increased by 11.78%,15.41%,11.39%and 13.73%,respectively,and the fresh grape increased by 12.41%,13.12%,9.52%and 12.22%respectively.?2?The utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer was significantly improved,and the water utilization efficiency of wine grapes increased by 54.67%and 60.80%respectively in 2016 and 2017,while the fresh grapes increased by 47.43%and 69.20%respectively.The utilization efficiency of different nutrients?N,P and K?of wine grape was increased by 98.65%,207.12%,65.03%respectively,and the fresh grape increased by121.06%,45.33%and 58.23%respectively.?3?The emission rate of N2O is highest in summer?up to 1823.10ug/m2/h?and the lowest event happened in winter?0ug/m2/h?;The average annual cumulative emissions of fresh food vineyards under traditional and optimized management were 21.07 and11.18kg/hm2 respectively,which were much higher than that of wine grapes?7.97?6.14kg/hm2 respectively?.The contribution rate of the traditional and optimized management nitrogen fertilizer to N2O cumulative emission was 1.02%,1.18%,respectively,the fresh grape were 3.17%and 2.41%respectively.The emission rate of N2O was positively correlated with the surface temperature,the water content of the soil layer of 0-20cm and the nitrate nitrogen content.?4?The peak of CH4 emission rate occurs in July and August of each year,up to1.51ug/m2/h,and the low events occured in other seasons?-0.47ug/m2/h?;The average annual cumulative emissions of fresh vineyards under traditional and optimized management were 8.62 and 2.68g/hm2 respectively,which were significantly higher than that of wine grapes?0.47 and 0.56g/hm2 respectively?.There is a significant positive correlation between surface temperature,soil water content of 0-20cm soil and nitrate nitrogen.?5?The maximum emission rate of CO2 is 66.54umol/m2/s,and the lowest events?lowest is 0umol/m2/s?occured in winter;The average annual cumulative emissions of fresh vineyards under traditional and optimized management were 11028.56?8301.20kg·hm-2,which were significantly higher than that of wine grapes?5389.61?4744.40kg/hm2respectively?.The surface temperature and water content were significantly positively correlated.?6?The contribution rate of greenhouse effect of the comprehensive factors,the soil respiration of the vineyard is up to 80%,which is the main contribution factor,followed by nitrogen fertilizer and agricultural production input;Optimization basis of wine and fresh vineyard net greenhouse effect on average of 8.94?14.53t/hm2,respectively,which were significantly lower than the traditional management?10.70?21.51t/hm2 respectively?,the results show that optimized fertilization management can significantly reduce the vineyard soil net greenhouse effect.To sum up,the rate of greenhouse gas emission in vineyard under the traditional fertilization management is high.The optimized management can reduce the net greenhouse effect of the orchard effectively,improve the yield and quality of the grapes,and increase the income of the farmers. |
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