| In this paper,GIFT Oreochromis niloticus and Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂ were used as the research object.Added Echinacea and its compound extracts to two fish basic diet,the effects of it’s on the growth of performance,antioxidant response and antibacterial of two fish.According to results,screen out the appropriate level of Echinacea purpurea and its compound extracts add to fish basal diet.Providing theoretical basis for the application of Echinacea purpurea and its compound extracts in freshwater aquaculture.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.In vitro antibacterial test of Echinacea and its compound extractEchinacea and its compound were extracted by decoction method,water immersion,and 60% ethanol extraction method.In vitro antibacterial tests were conducted on the common pathogenic bacteria Ash and Et.Result: 1)The diameter of the inhibitory circles of Echinacea extracted by decocting method was about 11 mm,which was moderately inhibited,but significantly larger than that of water soaking and 60% ethanol extraction(P<0.05);The decoction extraction of Echinacea extract on the inhibitory circles of both species of bacteria is about 15 mm,showing moderate inhibition,close to strong inhibition,significantly greater than water soaking and 60% ethanol extraction(P<0.05).2)The MIC was measured by the microplate method,The MIC of Echinacea extract purpurea against Ash was 8.33±1.04 mg/mL,and the MIC against Et was 4.17±0.52 mg/mL.The Echinacea compound extract was for Ash and Et MIC respectively 8.33±1.04 mg/mL and 4.17±0.52 mg/mL.In the 60% ethanol extract,the MIC of Echinacea compound extract against Ash and Et were 45.83±4.17 mg/mL and 20.83±2.08 mg/mL.The results showed that the extract of Echinacea and its compound had certain antibacterial effect on common pathogens of aquatic products.among them,decoction method had the best effect,which provided reference for follow-up culture experiments.2.Effects of Echinacea and its compound extract on the growth performance and antioxidant response of TilapiaStudied the effects of Echinacea and its compound extract on the growth and antioxidant response of Tilapia.Six hundred and thirty healthy and lively Tilapia with an initial size of 4.5±0.1 g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates and 30 tilapia in each replicat.Feeding each group respectively with basic diet containing 0%(control group),0.1% EF,0.4% EF,0.8% EF,0.1% EP,0.4% EP,and 0.8% EP for eight weeks.Results: 1)Echinacea and its compound had no significant effect on SR,WGR,SGR,FE,PER and CF in Tilapia,and there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group(P>0.05).2)Crude protein content in the 0.8% EF group of Tilapia was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the crude fat and water content treatment group and the control group(P>0.05).The content of crude ash in the 1%EP group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference about water content,crude fat,crude protein,and crude ash content between the treatment groups and the control group in muscle(P>0.05).3)Effect of Echinacea and its compound on serum antioxidant activity and AKP of Tilapia: SOD activity was significantly increased in 0.4% EP,0.4%EF group in the liver(P<0.05);The content of MDA in serum of 0.1%EF and 0.4%EP group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05);0.4%.The activity of GSH-PX in serum of 0.4%EF and 0.1% EP group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between other groups and control group(P>0.05),0.4% EP,0.4% EF groups in liver was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05);the activity of AKP was in serum significantly increased in the 0.1% EF group compared with the control group(P<0.05),and increased in liver of 0.4% EF group(P<0.05).The serum CAT activity was significantly increased in 0.1%EP group compared with control(P<0.05),and the serum hydroxyl radicals in 0.4%EF,0.8%EF,and 0.1% EP groups were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).3.Effects of Echinacea and its compound extract on the growth performance and antioxidant response of Channa maculata♀ Channa argus♂Studied the effects of Echinacea and its compound extract on the growth and antioxidant response of Channa maculata♀ Channa argus♂.Six hundred healthy and lively fish with an initial size of 11±0.5 g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates and 30 tilapia in each replicat.Feeding each group respectively with basic diet containing 0%(control group),0.5% EP,1% EP,0.5% EF,and 1% EF for eight weeks.Results: 1)0.5% EP,1% EP and 1% EF had significant effects on WGR and SGR(P<0.05).The feed efficiency of 1% EF group was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)There was no significant difference in the content of water and crude fat between each group in Channa maculata♀ Channa argus♂.The crude protein content in the 1% EF group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the crude ash content in the 1% EP group was significantly increased(P<0.05);There was no significant difference about water content,crude fat,and crude ash in muscle(P>0.05),and 0.5% EP and 1% EF groups had a significant increase in crude protein content compared with the control group in muscle(P<0.05).3)Effects of Echinacea and its compound on antioxidation and AKP activity in serum and liver of Channa maculata♀ Channa argus♂: The activity of Lyz in serum of 0.5% EF was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05),the activity of AKP in serum had no significant difference(P>0.05);The SOD activity was significantly higher in 0.5% EF and 1% EP groups than control group(P<0.05),and SOD activity was significantly higher in 0.5% EP,1% EP,and 1% EF groups in the liver;The activity of GSH-PX in the 0.5% EP group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the MDA content in the liver was significantly lower in the treatment groups than control group(P<0.05).4)Expression of immune factors: After treatment with Echinacea and its compound,the expression levels of immune factors in various tissues were different.The immune factors IL10,TLR2,and GSH-PX,Lyz were significantly up-regulated in the head kidney,spleen and down-regulated in the liver.The comprehensive results showed that,It is suggested that add 0.4% Echinacea in Tilapia basic diet,0.4% EP could significantly increase the activity of SOD in Tilapia serum,reduce the content of MDA,and increase the activity of GSH-PX in liver;Added 0.5%EP,0.5%EF,1%EF can I can significantly increase Channa maculata♀ Channa argus♂ growth performance and partial antioxidant enzyme activity,t is suggested that Echinacea and its compound had certain effects on the growth and antioxidation properties of Tilapia and Channa maculata♀ Channa argus♂.In order to reduce the corresponding cost and the palatability of hybrid quail feed,it is recommended that add 0.5% Echinacea compound to Channa maculata♀ Channa argus♂ basic diet. |
