Evaluation Of Photosynthetic Characteristics And Fruit Characters Of 7 Walnut Provenance In Sichuan

Walnut is a kind of woody oil tree provenance with comprehensive utilization of high economic value andecological value.In order to clarify the difference of the comprehensive trait of walnut resources,and to further filter regional the superior walnut provenance.This study selected seven walnut provenance?Yan Yuanzao?008?,Panhe no.1?011?,Mianhe no.1?015?,Shujiang no.2?021?,Chuanqiu no.1?028?,Shuoxing?031?,and Huiyao?043??from the experimental base of the forestry science research institute of Tangchang county,Sichuan province.The comprehensive characteristics were evaluated from three aspects:growth,photosynthetic physiological ecology and fruit quality.?1?From June to August,the average growth rate of plant height were?13.56±0.23?%,?11.96±0.20?%,and?11.05±0.05?%.The average growth rate of ground diameter were?10.26±0.27?%,?10.65±0.34?%,and?9.49±0.30?%.The growth rate of plant height were significantly higher than average for'021'and'043'?P<0.05?during the three months,while ground diameter increase rate were significantly higher than that of the average for'021','031'and'043'?P<0.05?during the three months.?2?The highest of chlorophyll content of'015','021'and'043'were found in June.The highest of chlorophyll content of'008'and'028'were in July.The chlorophyll content of'011'and'031'remained unchanged during the three months,and the average chlorophyll content of'008'walnut seed was higher,while'011'was the lowest.There was no significant difference in the content of chlorophyll among June,July and August?P>0.05?.?3?Light saturation point range of seven walnut provenance were from 1084?mol·m^-2·s^-1 to 1920?mol·m^-2·s^-1,the light compensation point range were from 24.1to 48.0?mol·m^-2·s^-1.CO₂ saturation point range and CO₂ compensation point range was?1924-6672??mol·m^-2·s^-1,and?60.8-120.5??mol·m^-2·s^-1,respectively.There was distinguish difference among the light compensation point of 5 provenance?P<0.05?.There was no significant difference between'021'and'031'?P>0.05?.However,there were significant difference in the light saturation points,CO₂ saturation point,and CO₂ compensation point of seven provenance?P<0.05?.?4?The change trend of Pn of the 7 walnut provenance were"bimodal"curves,and there were obvious"siesta"phenomenon.The average daily net photosynthetic rate of'021'was significantly higher than that of others?p<0.05?,and its value was?9.25±0.62??mol·m^-2·s^-1.?5?Daily variation of Pn of 7 provenance showed a bimodal curve,with the first peak being greater than the second peak.Ci of 7 provenance was higher both in the morning and evening.The WUE of'008'and'015'had double peak curves,and happened at about 10:00 am,the others had peaks are around 8:00 am.?6?There was no significant difference in Pn from June to August?P>0.05?.The Pn of'008','011'and'015'were gradually increasing from June to August.The change trend of'021','028'and'043'were increase at first and then decrease.The'031'showed a tendency from decrease and then increase.?7?There was positive correlationship between Pn and Gs,Tr,WUE,PAR,and RH,negative correlation with Ci,Ta,Ca.The Pn and Gs were significantly correlated?P<0.05?or extremely significant correlation?P<0.01?.Others indicators only showed that the part for the Pn of some provenance was significantly correlated with the index?P<0.05?or significantly correlated?P<0.01?.?8?The appearance of seven walnut provenance was mainly round and near round,the fruit was plump,the outer shell was smooth,but the inner skin was very different in color.'031','028'and'015'were better than other good synthetic appearance.?9?In the economic characters and main inclusions component content of 7walnut provenance,the smallest shell thickness was'021',shell thickness was?1.15±0.03?mm,the biggest weight was'031',weight was?17.36±0.07?g,the biggest nucleoluswas'008',nucleolus heavy was?9.53±0.01?g,the highest kernel was'021',kernel was?57.03±0.02?%,the biggest three paths was the'015',the three paths for?4.03±0.03?cm,the highest crude protein content was'028',protein content was?23.16±0.02?%,the highest crude fat content was'031',crude fat content was?69.53±0.02?%.The principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the improved varieties of fruit traits were'031','008','021'and'015'.?10?The variation coefficient of 7 walnut provenance of seven fruit indicators?shell thickness,single fruit weight,kernel weight,yield,three diameters,crude protein content and crude fat content?was 3.39-22.37%.Among them,the variation coefficient of crude protein content was the largest,the three diameters was the smallest.There was a significant difference among the shell thickness,single fruit weight,kernel weight,yield,and three diameters?P<0.01?.?11?Comprehensive evaluation of grey relational analysis method was applied to evaluate comprehensively.'021'provenance has the largest correlation degree with the ideal variety,ranking the first,the weighted correlation degree after'021','008'in second place.The'031'weighted correlation is second only to'008',ranking third.