Effects Of Chinese Herbal Medicine On Intestinal Harmful Bacteria,Growth Performance And Blood Parameters In Pigs

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on intestinal gut bacteria,growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and blood parameters of finishing pigs,and to determine the appropriate composition and level of supplementation in the production and the mechanism of action of the compound Chinese herbs on the body.The study was divided into four trials.Experiment I: This experiment was designed to explore the in vitro antibacterial effect of a single Chinese herbal medicine on pig intestine E.coli,Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus,and to initially screen a single Chinese herbal medicine with good effect.Eight extracts of Chinese herbs such as Radix Astragali,Radix Polygoni multiflori,Rhizoma Coptidis,Honeysuckle,Rhubarb,Pulsatilla chinensis,Galla chinensis and Radix Puerariae were used in the experiment.Double-layer agar diffusion method and trace double dilution method were used to determine the common harmful strains of the three kinds of finishing pigs.Inhibitory zone size and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).The results showed that:(1)E.coli was highly sensitive to Coptis chinensis,honeysuckle and Chinese gallnut,and its inhibition zone diameter was 24.54,20.13,and 20.13 mm,respectively,and its MIC values were 31.25,125,and 125 mg/ml,respectively.(2)Staphylococcus aureus was low sensitive to Astragalus,Coptidis rhizoma and Rhubarb.The diameters of inhibition zones were 14.07,12.57,and 14.4 mm,respectively,and their MIC values were 250,125,and 125 mg/ml,respectively.(3)Salmonella showed low sensitivity to jaundice.The MIC value was 250 mg/ml.Coptis and rhubarb were moderately sensitive to Salmonella.The MIC values were 62.5 mg/ml.In summary,the three Chinese herbal medicines of Radix Astragali,Rhizoma Coptidis and Rhubarb have the best antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli,Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus.Experiment 2: Based on the first test,the experiment explored the in vitro antibacterial effects of various Chinese herbal medicines on pig intestine Escherichia coli,Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus,and the Chinese herbal medicine with better screening effect was selected.Four kinds of Chinese herbal medicines,Astragalus membranaceus,Rhizoma Coptidis,Rhubarb,and Polygonum multiflori,which have good antibacterial effect in vitro,were selected according to the antibacterial properties of Chinese herbal medicines:(1)The combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.It is also beneficial to the body of Chinese medicine.The specific design combination is: Astragalus membranaceus and Polygonum multiflorum are compounded in proportions of 25%:75%;50%:50%;75%:25%.(2)Combine three kinds of Chinese herbal medicines such as Astragalus membranaceus,Coptis rhizome,and rhubarb to seek a better antibacterial formulation.The specific design combination is: Astragalus,Coptidis rhizoma and rhubarb are compounded at a ratio of 25%:25%:50%;25%:50%:25;50%:25%:25%.The test used double agar diffusion method to determine the size of the inhibition zone.A microbiological dilution method was used to find the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).The results showed that:(1)Astragalus membranaceus and Polygonum multiflorum extracts were tested.The best combination was Astragalus 0.75 mg/ml and Polygonum multiflorum 0.25 mg/ml.It was moderately sensitive to Escherichia coli,and the diameter of inhibition zone was 16.1 mm.The staphylococci were low sensitive,the inhibition zone diameter was 11 mm,and it was not sensitive to Salmonella.The inhibition zone diameter was 9.8 mm.(2)Mixture of three extracts of Astragalus,Coptidis Rhizoma and Rhubarb,with the best combination of Astragalus 0.25 mg/ml,Coptis chinensis 0.5 mg/ml and rhubarb 0.25 mg/ml,with low sensitivity to E.coli,diameter of inhibition zone It is 12.4 mm;it is sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 12.2 mm;it is sensitive to Salmonella and the diameter of the zone of inhibition is 12.9 mm.In summary,the combination of the three Chinese herbal medicines of Astragalus,Coptidis Rhizoma and Rhubarb has the best antibacterial effect against E.coli,Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus.Experiment 3:On the basis of Experiment 2 of this experiment,explore the effect of adding compound Chinese herbal additives to the diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of finishing pigs.A healthy fattening period of similar age and weight was selected as experimental animals.The total number of crossbred pigs was 192,and the average body weight was(56.21±1.76)kg.According to the principle of similar body weight and same male to female ratio,they were randomly divided into 4 groups.Groups,4 replicates per group,12 replicates each.The added levels of the compound Chinese herbs in the diet were 0 g/kg(control),0.65 g/kg,1 g/kg,and 1.5 g/kg,respectively.The trials were divided into pre-feeding period(7d)and formal period(30d).The results showed that:(1)Growth performance,compared with the control group,the 0.65 g/kg test group had a tendency to increase the average daily gain and reduce the ratio of feed to weight(P>0.05).(2)Apparent digestibility of nutrients: After the addition of 0.65g/kg and 1.5g/kg compound Chinese herbs to the diet,the apparent digestibility of CP was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).NDF,The apparent digestibility of ADF,Ca,and P showed no difference(P>0.05).In summary,the addition of Chinese herbal compound to the diet has a positive effect on the growth and nutrient apparent digestibility of finishing pigs,of which 0.65 g/kg compound Chinese herbal medicine has the best effect.Experiment 4: The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on biochemical,antioxidative and immune parameters in the blood of finishing pigs.Blood was collected after the completion of the three feeding trials and the corresponding indicators were determined.The results showed that:(1)Adding 0.65 g/kg compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet significantly increased the serum HDL-C level(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the level of serum LDL-C(P<0.05).).(2)0.65 g/kg compound herbal medicine significantly reduced the content of MDA in the serum(P<0.05),and significantly increased the level of GSH-Px(P<0.05).(3)There was no significant effect of the addition of compound Chinese herbs on the immune index of the diet(P>0.05).The above results show that: 0.65 g/kg low-dose Chinese herbal compound can improve the environmental homeostasis and increase the antioxidant capacity.