Analysis On Dynamic Changes Of Mineral Elements Of ’Tieton’

Prunus avium L.is a subgenus of the genus Prunus in the genus Prunus,which is rich in nutrients and high in commercial value.It is one of the most rapidly growing tree species in the country.In the production,precise fertilization based on the amount of fertilizer required by the tree in different periods and the nutrient supply status of the garden soil is the basis for improving the yield and quality of the fruit.To explore the relationship between nutritional status of sweet cherry trees and soil nutrients,to further clarify the nutritional diagnostic criteria for sweet cherry,the period of collecting samples and organs,and to provide guidance for the guidance of fertilization.This experiment measured and analyzed the dynamic changes of main mineral nutrient elements in the organs of the leaves,branches,fruits,roots,and soil during March to July.The test samples were collected in the Cherry Gully Orchard of Zhengzhou City.The 6-year-old sweet cherry variety ’Taiton’ was used as the test material.During the sampling period,the orchards were not fertilized.Plants with normal growth results were selected at random,and were planted,positioned,and regularly sampled.Standard samples were medium-sized leaves,long fruiting branches,fruits,fine roots(<2 mm in diameter)and soil samples of 20 cm to 40 cm depth.,Single plot,4 repetitions.Analyze and measure total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,sodium,calcium,magnesium,sulfur,iron,manganese,copper,zinc,and boron total 12 kinds of nutrient elements in each sample.The main results are as follows:1.During the sampling period,with the growth and development of sweet cherries,the contents of total N,ammonium N,P,S,and Cu in the leaves showed a downward trend overall.The decline of the elements was faster,and the decline slowed down after mid-April;the content levels of Ca,Mg,and Mn showed a continuous upward trend;the dynamic changes of Na and Fe content levels were the same,both showing a decrease-rise-fall-rise.-The process of falling.The contents of macroelements in leaves were Ca>K>N>Mg>P>S from high to low.The contents of trace elements were as follows: Fe>Na>Mn>Zn>Cu.The results of analysis of the contents of mineral elements in leaves at different sampling periods showed that the levels of P,Ca,Zn,Cu and Mg in the leaves fluctuate greatly.The coefficients of variation were: 45.69%,40.29%,35.73%,32.23%,32.00,respectively.%;The fluctuation of other nutrient elements is relatively small,especially the content of N and K in leaves from April 29 to June 4(5-9 weeks after flowering)is stable,and the coefficient of variation is: 20.51%,16.53%.The sampling time of sweet cherry leaves can be diagnosed more than 3 weeks earlier than the conventional method,and the N,K nutrition status of the tree can be judged more timely and effectively.2.The content of Mn in the shoots has been decreasing after germination;P element basically shows a decreasing trend;the dynamic trend of K and all N is similar,except that N has a larger fluctuation on June 4,N and K.The coefficient of variation is 32.57% and 10.54%.Zn,Mg and Ca are the fluctuations of lifting and lowering.The coefficient of variation is 31.98%,27.19% and 15.96%.The trace elements and Na element in the branch are in fruit expansion or hard core.The period had the highest value;the fluctuations of S and K were the smallest,and the coefficients of variation were 9.43% and 10.54%,respectively.3.The content of all elements in the sweet cherry fruit has the highest value on April 7(fruit setting period),and May 20(harvesting period)is the lowest value,indicating that with the growth and development of the fruit,the nutrient elements are In the downward trend,the decline was fastest in the week of April 7-April 14.NH4+-N is the highest value measured on May 6,and its change rule is drop-rise-decrease,and it is reduced to the lowest value on May 20.The contents of macroelements in the fruit sequence were K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S.The order of trace elements and Na was Fe>Na>Zn>Mn>Zn>Cu.Almost all of the elements in the fruit fluctuate greatly.Except that the coefficient of variation of K and Fe is 15.19% and 15.05%,the coefficient of variation of other elements exceeds 30%,and the coefficient of variation of Ca is as high as 101.88%.4.The contents of macroelements in sweet cherry root were Ca>N>K>P>Mg>S.The trace elements were Fe>Na>Mn>Zn>Cu.The fluctuation of the element in the root is the largest in all organs,and the variation of trace elements with the growth and development of sweet cherries is more complex and varied than that of a large number of elements.The dynamic changes of total N and Ca are completely opposite;the dynamic trends of Ca and Mg are very similar,first rising,then falling,then rising,and then rapidly falling to the lowest value;the fluctuation of P in a large number of elements is the largest,and the coefficient of variation is 29.03%;The dynamic fluctuations of Fe and Mn are basically the same;the Zn content is basically decreasing,the coefficient of variation is 17.57%;the content of Ca in the sweet cherry root is the highest;Fe,Mn,Cu,Na are in the bud and After picking the lowest,the middle fluctuation was relatively large,and the overall coefficient of variation was: 35.41%,31.43%,21.46%,and 34.26%,respectively,indicating that the demand for different fruit growth stages was different.5.The content of organic matter in the soil layer of sweet cherry garden floats between 0.9991% and 1.5647%.The level of organic matter content is obviously a process of rising first and then decreasing.The content of organic matter and the content of a large number of elements in the soil reached the highest value around May 20.The contents of large elements in the soil were as follows: total nitrogen> available phosphorus> exchangeable calcium> ammonium nitrogen> available sulfur> exchangeable magnesium> exchangeable potassium.Their coefficients of variation were: 15.49%,24.37%,24.23 %,18.34%,50.85%,28.99%,48.46%;the order of the trace elements and sodium is effective iron> exchangeable sodium> effective manganese> effective zinc> effective copper,and their coefficient of variation is: 20.06%,24.06%,21.70%,8.76%,7.42%.6.if a single mineral nutrient element sampling,N,P,K,S,Mn,Zn and other elements can be used for nutritional diagnosis of sweet cherry leaves.The sampling time of most elements is about one month earlier than that of conventional methods,which can more timely and effectively determine the nutritional status of N,P,K,S,Mn,and Zn in the tree.The content of all mineral elements in the sweet cherry leaves is stable from May 6 to May 20,taking into account the convenience of the determination and sampling,if the comprehensive sampling,the leaves can be used as the best sampling of nutritional diagnosis of the tree organ.7.The nutritional diagnosis of Ca,Mg and Cu can be determined with the root of sweet cherry.The best sampling time for Ca is April 7-June 25.The best sampling time for Mg is April 22-May.On the 20 th,the best sampling time for Cu is from April 7 to May 20,and the sample can be selected from April 22 to May 20 for comprehensive measurement;the nutritional diagnosis of Fe can be determined with sweet cherry shoots.The best sampling time is from April 22 to May 6.