| Triticale(Triticosecale)is a synthetic new species of wheat(Triticum aestivum)and rye(Secale cereale)by sexual intercross hybrids and hybrid chromosome doubling,it not only combines the advantages of high yield,high quality of wheat,and the advantage of disease resistance,cold resistance and drought resistance of rye,but also With big heterosis,strong photosynthesis and good nutritional quality.In the process of triticale utilization,both grain,straw and high-quality grass can be obtained,can solve the shortage of fodder of breeding industry.The cultivation of triticale also has the advantages of low cost and large profit,so it was planted in many areas of our country.Because of the different quality and utilization,triticale can be divided into processing type,food type,forage type,grain feed triticale and so on.Different types of triticale show different quality characteristics and uses.Study of the characteristics of physiology,protein quality formation and starch quality formation of different types of triticale,can clearly understand the physiological basis of the quality formation of different types of Triticale.It is important for deepening the understanding of the mechanism of yield formation and quality formation,and it is of great practical value to guide the breeding and cultivation of triticale.Therefore,it can lay a good foundation for the discussion of the regulation and control for high-quality and high-yielding cultivation of triticale.We used Dongnong 8809(processing triticale),Dongnong 5305(forage triticale)and Dongnong 96026(grain feed triticale)as experimental materials.The basic seedlings was 4.5million plants per hectare,experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications.Then investigated and analysed photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen metabolism,carbon metabolism,quality indicators and yield of triticale.The results showed that:The decreasing amplitude of Fv/Fm value in Dongnong8809 was bigger than the other two varieties,and qN of Dongnong 8809 was a little bit big,caused a large photosynthesis consumption.Dongnong 5305 had a strong ability of photosynthesis before flowering,it showed Dongnong 5305 has a high biological yield potential.And Dongnong 5305 has a big increment in qN value after flowering;and its chlorophyll relative content dropped rapidly after flowering,led to rapid aging in leaves.Dongnong 96026 has a small drop in chlorophyll relative content after flowering,Fm and Fv/Fm value were bigger than the other two varieties,it showed Dongnong 96026 has a high grain yield potential.There are sharp distinctions in photosyntheticcharacters between different types of triticale,and strong ability of photosynthesis after flowering is the basis for high grain yield.The study of canopy optical radiation showed,Dongnong 8809 has a higher MLA in late growth stage,caused light-leaking phenomenon,it was a key factor limit yield formation.Dongnong 5305 has a higher MLA at vegetative growth stage and a lower MLA at booting stage,the reasonable canopy architecture at vegetative growth stage were the base of the formation of high LAI.MLA,TCDP and TCRP of Dongnong 96026 were lower than other varieties,extinction coefficient and yield were higher than other varieties,Dongnong 96026 has a reasonable canopy architecture and a strong capability to capture light.There are sharp distinction in canopy architecture between different types of triticale.Therefore,in order to explore the yield potential of different types of triticale,we need to carry out matched cultivation management techniques to establish reasonable canopy architecture.Dongnong 8809 had a higher nitrogen assimilation after anthesis and a lower nitrogen translocation,grain protein mainly depend on assimilation after anthesis.N content of flag leaf of Dongnong 5305 dropped rapidly after flowering,it maybe due to the transfer of N to the grain.The output of nitrogen of stem and sheath of Dongnong 5305 was the most,it benefits the accumulation of grain N content.The flag leaf of Dongnong 96026 aging was slow and it had a high N content at late growth stage,transfer volume of nitrogen produced before flowering was low,it showed that most of the grain protein of triticale were derived from the translocation and redistribution of nitrogen storaged in vegetative organ before flowering.The NR and GS activities of Dongnong 5305 were high,it had a strong nitrogen assimilation ability,was conducive to the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen.The grain GS activities of Dongnong 96026 was smaller than Dongnong 8809 and Dongnong 5305,it showed that the metabolic speed of nitrogen of grain feed triticale was slow,against the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen,so it affected the formation of grain protein.The leaf soluble protein,leaf free amino acids and grain free amino acids of Dongnong 5305 were significantly greater than Dongnong 8809 and Dongnong 96026,it showed Dongnong 5305 had a high nitrogen storage capacity,was conducive to the transfer of nitrogen to grain.Dongnong 8809 had a big dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity,the transfer of dry matter stored in vegetative organs before flowering and the transport of post-anthesis photosynthetic products played an equal role in the dry matter accumulation of processed triticale grains.Dongnong 5305 had a big dry matter accumulation in flag leaf and other leaf at anthesis and maturity,the contribution of transferred dry matter before flowering was biggest,the contribution of accumulated dry matter after flowering was least.Grain dry matter accumulation of forage triticale was mainly depend on the transfer of dry matter stored in vegetative organs before flowering.Dongnong 96026 had a small dry matter accumulation in flag leaf,other leaf and stem and sheath,and a big dry matter accumulation in spike at anthesis and maturity,the contribution of transferred dry matter before flowering was least,thecontribution of accumulated dry matter after flowering was biggest.Grain dry matter accumulation of grain feed triticale was mainly depend on the transport of photosynthetic products after flowering.The glutenin content of Dongnong 8809 was apparently higher than Dongnong 5305 and Dongnong 96026,it had a good processing characteristics.The sedimentation value and wet gluten content of Dongnong 5305 were higher than the other varieties,it showed that forage triticale had a high value of gluten content and quality.The strong photosynthetic ability made Dongnong 96026 absorb more assimilates during filling stage,it′s grain were full and it had a high teast weight.Dongnong 96026 had a high content of albumin and globulin and was rich in lysine,it showed that grain feed triticale has better nutritional quality,and it is suitable for consumption. |
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